f 



218 BTSNOLOGY OF THE IHDO-PACIFIC ISLANDS. 



Ocean ami the China Sea. What is now southern China wa» 

 probably included in the Imlo-Pacifiic ethnic province. If the 

 Turanian race had been its earliest occupai^ts we should not find 

 negroes in the Andarnan^j, Ultraindia, and the Philipincj^^ and 

 traces of them, Hnguistic or physical, in Formosa and Japan. 

 Bui, putting the archaic negro element aside, it h evident that the 

 non-Chinese Turanian tribes of Yun-nan, the Gangetic basin, 

 Ullraindia and Asonesia must have been ancient oecupanta of 

 Ultraindia and the soutliern portions of China, at the period when 

 the Chinese race first advanced into their territories. The diJfer- 

 ence in physical characters and in civilisation would alone estahlish 

 this, wl^en taken iu connection whh the manifest antiquity of the 

 (Jhinese as a distinct and strongly marked nation. But it rests on 

 stiil stronger linguistic evidence. The known non-Chinese tong1^e* 

 of Soutliern China, tlie Anara and Lau, arc iu the great bulk of 

 their vocabularies, entirely distinct languages from any of the 

 Cliinese, and the difference between the Chinese vocabularies tliem- 

 selves is so great as to render it certain that when the proper Chinese 

 nation was confined to the basin of the Yellow River, numer- 

 ous other languages were spoken by the independent tribes to the 

 southward. All the Turanian tribes of Eastern Asia, including 

 the rudest Ultraindian and Asoncsian, the Kamschatkans and the 

 Chukchi, as well as the Chinese, have many ethnic traits in com- 

 mon, but these belong to formations or civilisations tiiat preceded 

 the Chinese. The Ultraindian and Chinese tribes have al^^o a siil) 

 more archaic and fundamental connection in their plionologies, 

 ideologies and roots. But this c6nnection reaches back to ages 

 anterior not only to the pre-Chinese ci vili§ations of Eastern Asia» 

 hut to the development of all the other Irnguietie formations thnt 

 have l»een spread over the world, including the Indo-Pacifie and 

 the Scmitico-African. From this fact and the peculiar physical 

 vreofijraphy of China, which has been instrumental in producing it, 

 we may safely infer that the Anam and Lau are only two of 

 hundreds of distinct languages that were spoken by rude Turanian 

 tribes between the Yellow River and the Ton-king, before the 

 Chinese civilisation arose and began to spmd itself beyond its 

 nris^iual narrow district of Chin. And this brings us to the 

 liUTiierals. When China was only one of the small inland kin-jj- 



