2:iti ETHNOLOGY OP THE IfTDO-PACIPIC ISLANDS. 



forms now found in the more remote or sequestered branches of 

 the Scvthtc and N. E. Asian family, Samoiede, Yeniseian, Aino 

 &c. When to these we add the Scythio affinities of the Bhoto- 

 Thochu words it will be seen how slight ihc Chinese g^sarial 

 iii^reilient la when compared with tlio Scylhic. Tlie Thochu 

 forms of the common roots differ coftsiderahly from the Bhotian. 

 They are frequenlly elender and curt, e. g. 7 rt, B. rus, ru ; 15 

 zi, B. sa; 20 pi, B. phag; 31 ki^ B. khyim j 47 ri, B. lam ; 

 48 clie*, B. chhaj 40 pi, B, pag ; 51 bri, B, brul. In some 

 cases the Thocliu forms I'esemble the Manvak mid not 

 the intermediate Gyarun'?. Shtff mah-toy ma* ; i^tonej ghol-opt^ 

 wobi ; Biood sa', sha'; Ooat, tsah, tsah ; Li^^ht uik, wn' ; Salt, 

 che', che • I Shin ra-pi, g-ra. The vocabulary has numerous 

 southern aflBnities, but fewer than Gyarung and Manyak. 



The Gyarung list has 33 words in common with Bhotian, in- 

 cludinfij Bhoto-Cliinese words. 5 with Chinese not found in 

 Bhotian (besides 7 Bhoto-Chinese) 4 with Turkifili, only 2 appa- 

 rently with Ugro-Kurilian which are not Bhotian also, and 16 

 peculiar vn the above sense. 



Tlie Manyak list has 26 Bliotian words, 3 Chinese (hesidea 3 

 Bhoto-Chineae) 4 Turkish, 3 Mongolian, 9 Ugro-Kufilian and 

 14 peculiar. 



1 proceed to illustrate the preceding statements by some details. 



The Bhotian words in the list of 60 miscellaneous terms, which 

 as some have synonyms and others differ in the old or written and 

 the current or spoken dialecls, amount to 78, may be arranged 

 under five classes. First, — Words that are apparently peculiar to 

 Bhotian. These amount to about 18 or 23 per cent of the whole, but 

 afi thiTe must be many Mid and North Asiatic vocabnlaries, not 

 collected or not accessible to me, and as e?eti Klaproili'a want some 

 of Uie terms in the list, it is probable that this proportion would be 

 much reduced by a more ample collation of vocabularies. Second, 

 — Words having affinities with Chinese, mostly archaic, but one or 

 two ap|>ear to Lave been received from it since the Chinese spread 

 into Tibet. These amount to about 14 (18 percent). Third,— Tvir . 

 k'sh word.'*, probably derived from the Turkish hordes during their 

 years of contiguity and partial intermixture with the Bholiatis 

 and only amounltng to 5, one being Mongolian as well as TurkiiU. 



