rraNOLOGY or tbe indo vacitic islands. 



S9 



Arabic rofiernhlfl the Arabic and European 9, wliich h also the Tn4)an 

 tlie Arulik: uu<l Eurofienu |>resm'ving tue simple ChincHu lunti. TUa Da- 

 vaaii^ri uses the same ayoibol for U with ibe lo tp on the* right sido. Hie 

 k,im» syiubal nevycs for 0 iu Arabic with the Itji)]) bulow but ou the 

 Idl't silk; while iu xMuliratta with the ioup on the right, as in uur 0, it 

 ti thtitij iuUol for 7. ThQ tigtirt) tor 8 ia rudimtidtaily a fiiuiitlti iiiver-> 

 lion of timt for 7, la soiae synteius it aijjiuars tD be toriiied irom 4 

 (as tho name u hi s^me syBtems, i. c. B is 4 dunl). In g-fiiAral 0 is a 

 luoiiiticati^ii Of as that in fiotue t'orrus U of 3, tlim i;m'res|ioaiiiiJ|^ 

 with lha iiiual ULjiutMicluture, 2, 3 dual, 8 trlaal. 



It may be iaforrf-l from tbe above that the ChintiJie ati'l the various 

 IitJtaa hgures are ultimately reterable to one origiual^ wh» iher in ( hi- 

 lia, InJia, or S. W. Asia. Soiao ol the rudiaieiitary syrub uls. ai iveU 

 as the pnncijfle ef (Minbining auJ muilifyiiij;; iheiu, are comiuou to all 

 the syftetus f'he GliiB<'de wuJe ol symbulhiug uuuibera above 10 is 

 rudfir ibiuj the lutliuH. Cbey have distinct sy mb -Is lor 10, liH), luiH), 

 and IO,(UXJ, so that their n •tation Otactly corresftodda with thi» f«ral 

 €:X|H'ession. Thiin tltu ligures ior036 co'^ssat of the ^y lubola for UH\ 10 

 and 6, witb th*; aymb d lor 2 OTcr the 100 and that tor 3 over ihp 10, 

 and it ia rea l otf f wo bujidred, three teii„ six/' The (:ir< uuHraticd 

 ol the figures h'in^ pbiced or read from If It to ritflitj instead of Inon 

 top to bottDiu or rii^tit to lelttiko the aymbtda of tht'. aoi;ieut numerals 

 and thu or lijotry elinrat;ters, appears to sUovv that the Clitiu-se sy (!t*«ta 

 has been iiifliiujuud by the Indian and Eai'oj»eua. liut its geueraf rha- 

 ructer is timt whif;h tbe latter probably presented in it^i earlifgi Hia^^ea, 

 It is uot likely tliat tl»e idea of value from place alone preceded tbe use 

 iiffigfureii,, while a lureig^n civilidud nation whieh had a<li>t*ted the Cbi- 

 iicisr methods w^iald ha more ready to discovc^r llml the Hyinbidn lor 

 U1,100, might be dispensed with or UHdorstuod, and to reject them, 

 tbau. the fUiiiirse theiuaulvej. The ru'liioxea's of the Imlo-Arabii; notatioa 

 are preserved in Chinese, and probably origiaated with that race. 



• The Tibetaus and mo^tt of the Burnia-HimiiUyan tribes* follow the 

 C'hineie in their mode of naming the numeral* h\h}vv 10. ilut there ara 

 luaijy e^ce|Jiioas and irr^'gulariiiea, occasioued by the mixtare ol sys- 

 tems and terms, aiul by laoguageti muttittUy b^rruwiug. For example 

 even tho Lbopa has not oidy the Tibetan term for 20, nyi she 2, 10, 

 but a hybrid term khef^hik in which tbe Tibetan chik 1, is aurtixed to khe 

 v;h\r.h liiii-^t be '20 or " scote*'; 30 is khe-phrdtt-nit 40 kht ni (score J), 

 £iU khe-pheJaiuj'Snm, lOlt khe nga (acore 3). In Le|jclia /-he \s kha, 20 

 k/ta-ktttf 30 khn-Aat'Sa kaii (score one and ten), 40 kha nyii {score tteo), 

 6U kha ni/et m ktUi (scord ttca and ten), 100 kha kha ngon (sfon'JivA. 

 In Suuwar we find tio khalka (*Cf>re), 30 jran mn (10,3) ; 40 khtik nesfii 



jcoroJt); 6*t khuk ainhi^aiika (score 4 and 10 one i.e. scores 4 aud 

 am l). • 



* In the terms for 100 Chinefle and Tibetan differ. The former has 

 !«', fc', /J ,', «t|^uivalent io pak. Tbe latter has j^ya The Tibetan tena 

 aiipears to be unknown iu Ultraindia. The Chinese is foun I in two 

 In aga dialoct4^<7Ja^a. The ancient Tamil pa,ta baa an accident;il itonet* 

 deuce with the Lbinejie term. But the root fa may be ultimatelj 



1^ Ihjt tyfit j^aragrapiu m&jrJtid * should have loilowed " Tm" 27. 



