ETHNOLOGY OF THE INDO-PACIPIO fSL&I7D9, 



3, Pronouns, 



Tlift Bhotian pronoun oUhe |ier»on, Ji^a^ na^ provaila m mflit of 

 tiie Hjn)tila\ nil lniiirnfti:<'5 nnd in Ulirniudirt, Imt hs it is not comtnon in 

 the Ni*gii iit!flt!i!*, it if ini|>njbnhlf Jimi iIih LUtiMintiittti n^a is nt tm- 

 mmltdle *?h<'tiHri origin. I slioiiM THilicr hare suiFiJosed tJml: in some of 

 the iHisitrn Uiamiuyuii diulrcfs it wh.* of Uitrttiiidian and .not oi' Jiiio- 

 ttHO fl^nrtvtiMiiii 'Hie iuOiUMtcc ot thf^ Oang&iic Khoituri ot the l^ul ra. 

 on (he IViuiitftTi ftuoily wus rkr tmi aliglit t>j iittvc^ extirpateiJ the niirieiit 

 Biirmuri |*roti»iuu *»! ilie Isl (jomm tUruughf*ut all tlje Hurnmrj diftlects. 

 Th** BitniiHo proijouii nuneswith tlif Hh'jtiHU anfi Chinese (w/o) he- 

 ciio^se all hino iiltimntch dfiiiveJ ii from th<? awnip mother loruiuiinii, 



Thp orrgin ot liic UJtraroilo-Uan^ptia nga, no. &c hiia uuw liee'D mt at 

 resit the SiJko vot;ttJ>ulHr ies, 



Tho HJiotinn 2ari prunoun^ khyotl, hhyo, hng hee» carried by 



tile Bholians into most ot' niottilH yiut tGLii>:unge.«, hut not heyond 

 tlieiit. This protiomi is ot it'^elt almost dflrisivp a,H to iht* rphiiiotj of the 

 XlUrsmfliari to the liliotian, nini of farli .o the (inngpJic iMii^uagfs. 

 Tiie HuntiHH Mf/ntjc, na is looml m BevcniJ of ihn Ntiii« hiugUHg'cs, in 

 Garo, iioWo, Dliioiul, Abor, Nfiiii (nt?, j;a«), llHchlu (j^w), nuW even in 

 Msgar (nan^). ono or uuMiy prooj's til' tiie coimecsMou In'tweurt the pre- 

 Bhotmii HinifthiymiB and the Bnrinaii laraily, The \ion luid KambcH 

 jan proiKOJtig, iIjo (briiiflr of wliicU hare spread into the Alahiy penin- 

 iulfl, ure dt^fiiir.t. 



Tbfi Hiiotitui 3rtl pronoiirt, hhf), kku, is found in several of the Hima- 

 layan vtffiHloiliirifA, hur not in IJIiiinnf, Bodu, (iartt,, Kagti ur Hurman, 

 tljp prfvulent forms heiu^" "^itko and DruviroiU. The r'ing-phii Mi is 

 pf'rhap.'* t.liotino, bur fis n sioiiJar [ifirfirlo is ii coraroou definitive (§. g. 

 Kasia ka sing^iilar, hi jihirul ) this is uiicci'tEiiii. 



The BhfttiuR (dural particles nam, cfutfj, dag do nfit Bppear to have 

 mnife much proij^^ress in lutlia, unh-ss tire Beuguli dig \» a derivnlivo 

 from thf lu>t,* rin4pofttlixcd tlrHidiivrs juo, mo ki:.. are lound in several 

 of thy llimulayan atid (iiingetic langungi-s hut not in the Ullrmndian. 

 Iklostofthfl HintitJnyan pu9S(?!*sive8 tire nppsu'ently niodiHeations oftha 

 BUotittti, hot sonn' may he Driivtrinn, tht* latter having a wide rani^e 

 of posae^isivf! fmrtitdeg, Tlje tAtont to uhit h Bhotian Ibrms unfl ]>arii- 

 cles have her n eojirafted on thi? (iaoj^etitr lunguage» wppenrs suJfliLiieiitJy 

 from r;hn]«. IV., so that it is nrcdlcisfl to pursut* IW »ui>jt'ft here. 



From thfl flv'idptn'e of the pconoiins it umy W ioli i rfd tlrat the Rhn- 

 tmn diahct intritdi d on ni-hiiiu of triingeto-Ullraiuiliun tlialctts which 

 poMesded Ibo >ifan lot ins of the Cltiju sr. iSavn in the viriuity of the 

 SOutlieirn Hhntinn disdet ts, tho Bhotian pronouns havu miidi' little pro- 

 gress. Even tho hifihly liliotian Tak|.a ryiHins the siltiU-Ultraindiaii 

 2nd pronoun and ha^ not horrownd the hholinn one from Lhopa. 

 Cliangloj like Bodn, Dhinuil, Ahor and nil ih*" proj^r Ulfraindinn dia- 

 lect*, has X\\c Silon pronono,nnd in llio siib-IIioiulny an liand ihe Blm- 

 ttan nppmrs nnt to be fbtirtd to the oastward of iSipal. "I hat die Siian 

 "braniih prer-flded the Dboiinn i-vmi t litre and fnrtSii'r to the wesl\va^^iJ^ 

 ftppears Irora ribivrkhud preeorviosf ihc SiJan proiiomi, 



A full tomparative list of the Siinn and nf the alJtVt? UlirRindo-Gan- 

 getic pronouns ha^jilrrady bet n given in tdiap. ' V. sec. 11. AnSong 



* Mogai- ku-i-ik. (Se« cbap. V, sec. 11). 



