KTHNOr.OfiT OF THE TNRO PACIFIC Isir.ANnS. 



tpfp«irs to have b^^en coTumimirntpd hj a Semitic tiibe t<i aW the Nilotic 

 lftufrnrt2r^:^. save llishrtii nnd Epyptinn, autl to \invv »[irpnd wer iili Africji, 

 chittliy tlirouirh th*' Zinibinn in<»v*niitMirii. ."i it inM!*t iit one titiifi have 

 bf'en UA'^d hy th« leiidiiiir !^oniidr iintinn, otluMwi,^ it nnulfl udt now l»e 

 fwiiiil in \iK In 5 it limmie thf jprini ipnl Mlc>-Xinilntin t-enu. For 8 tlie 

 k?emifi« nice atDiBred to the m form, liiif the fjiiirie African tribes thiit liad 

 atloptetl thf? n, r fonu for r>, iM'd it m H alwj. lu 10 \\ hik the rii uiitoii bii% e 

 l-rer^ervetl the r f<inn, imwf *>f Hie AfricaDS Lave adbered to the older m 

 iurm of the Kf^yptinii W und *Seinitic 5. 



SUMMJJIY OF iKPRREJfCES. 



1, T!if> f^emitic nnd the African ininienil fly.steniM are connet'ted by a 

 p^'umion arebsMt; ha^i^ and hv the wide (liftu>ion of later dialeetie uiime3 

 and forms in different eriH. 'i'hey are ihii«, in a Iivrfre H»'ii}«e, diu]ect<i of one 

 HHtther system. The diakctic moditinitioiis have been great iind re- 

 pei^teil, and the resnlt is thai each of the exif^tiriLr' sy^lenm in very irre^nilar. 



2, In the root her f^yft-em the current drtinttive.-* were the numeral ele- 

 jnentf, seveml deliiiitives svere iwrd^ niul in their numeml iip|>licatioiia 

 th' Y prtdiftbly retaitied Ihat power ut' di>tin}rui'^hing the |renus of the 

 enbstiintive whi4'li they poii.'-ep.-ied as definitively. The system oripinnted 

 in mi era wiwu the niotu>:syI!jiibic definitiveii lioil not become eoncreteilj, and 

 whej( they mif.'h|y>o fr<'elr itiinjHinuded. The bu.sii* wa.^ binarv. Tlie 

 riitn««j of hi'ilier nnmherrt w nv obtained not only by wldititm hut by 

 imiltip!icntimj, liml, when the denary Kcsile whs ti^.'^uuied, by snlttractioii 

 al^o. The niode, of huiienf.ijvj^ the biirher ninnb<-'r8 ajvjK*!vrs to have lonjf 

 r^'jnniiied urbitntry— i^o lon^ jM-obMbly, us the iliffi reiit eienieiiti* rettiijted 

 tli''ir identity with the cfHniiion delinitive-*, tutA were not concreted in 

 the eomijounds and j)hi>ne(ically uniti.se(l tutd modified ho af fo Iw-come 

 aft[Mimte wtjrde. In this sta^ each mniiber admitted of beinp: ex- 

 j^ressed in se\'eral mtRles, — the mnt, for example, varyuijjf with the 

 diiRs of the ol»jeet, w bib' the d*^liiii(ives preserved tht'ir oriirioal a| pli* 

 otionn, and nftfrwiirdH arhitrarily, \\Tnle srvej-al j:eiierie detinitiveM eon- 

 tinn d cttrrent, — wnd (*ix beinir Uiree-tUree, tM ice three, [or five-one. The 

 full double series was (1.) 1 ; 2; 2, 1, for li ; 'i, 2, for 4 ; :i, 2, lur 5; (li.) 

 5, 1, or li, :J, for G; T), t', for 7; r>, H, or 4, 4, or il, U\4ot X; .% 4, Or 4, 

 5, or 3j 3, or 1, 10, for iJ; 2, 5. for 10. In tl e coni-reted M'!*ten)Ei tlienanie 

 for 3— (t*elf >*eiiem]|y a form of 2— beeame the njost im|ioi1;aiiJ, flf* ii fonn 

 of it nlw> reprf sented 5,-tlie radix of the tininarv nnnu s hi the neeond .series. 

 The proce^.-' of diahictic chsm^ie conristed in a frnidual imiioveri^biuent of 

 the arcluii ■ abuialanue of nnAii mid iianjeK, in ibe ccaieretioit of comiiounda 

 into £!<»pamte or indef>endeiit Wfn-d.-< wi(b the Kir*8 ol'one or more of the 

 Component roots, and in the f.ul«*titutEon fir !lte native dinlectic minie.'^ of 

 o*be!fi borrow ed from the bm^^nuces of iiitluentinl tribes. Tim iiroees^a 

 de.-'troyed the ori^iul iKimog-fueity of ihe system in everj- ditileet, and 

 reduced ead» to a fierier of U^rma haviuir only on obfrare ov a sbglit ety» 

 jBolojjrii-al eoniiiHt*^nf ir', tJave in thosi; Afrieiiii dialect- in wiiieh the nomea 

 above 5 are still un;h.'*«;iiise<ily qiiinaiy. j^ome dialects still pot^^-eify? more 

 than one name for the game nuiijb. r. Tims Boriiui lias tliree words t'of 

 1,— ti-lo or tu-lo, h-i^-t/i' tiitd \y{i-l (bn-r in bu-i"-///J-^e^, /irst\ and Tiwi iittt 

 two for 8, witnn-karnjon, 5, 1, and f/-tar-tar 3, 3, 



3, "W^en the nunu'ral namei* heoame ronereti'd and independent, fhe^ 

 took the cuiTent definitive pretixr.s and pn^Hixcs of earh dialect, and & 



£uurce of divcmty and of pliouetit; cliauge wus thuB introduced 



