ITHNOLOflT or TUB IVDO PAClPIC fSLA?lMr. 



Tlieiw swiwnda y olpmpnti, hi their turn, hi^njiae ftiibjpi-t to concr^tioa ; liinl 

 the contmctiijfi of lU« cotiijHumtl Unf* t5omt'tinieri meifrwl them in thf root, 

 fend fii>m«tim«rf siibslitut<i'd tht;ju for it. ISew tieliiiitives have in certain 

 dialeeta ber-ii jiujter added. 



4. In their priwat roiiditjcin ihe furine of the niimei-al^ vary grt^tly. 

 In |ri!uenil thpy iire |n.»Iysyniiiii<^ roiMpoinidfj iti wliidi the flervile defiiii* 

 tive^i are di^^iiii^ii-'hrtltli*. 'J"lii> tiivluiir root com] tnund, or compound of 

 root and serxnle, is dii^syllobic in msiny of thf* proiijis, hut in some, it hii» 

 contracttHl into a moiius\ UubU.'. Its lorm hms suHLTcd ^rrewt. mid i^nHoirt 

 niMLliJic'.dions, Tendering the correct analysia of the nainejs difficult and at 

 tiine^ iHicertain. 



5. The Hftnilir: t*v.-t''ni is the hst rrmimnt of a thulectio ffroUip. It 

 could not Imve Btriiitifd it^ ]iiv>ent form without chuu'rei* havjug- tflken 

 place in ditfi-rent (UiiliH^t;; whiili infhihut rd «>iit'fi otht-r. In Africa several 

 of feuch iiroiij»' are still pn -erved, •.tutl Ihe innttial borrow iiig^ are otiviouH, 

 In otidirion to the chiUiiiew fliUA induced, fhe ^^^•mltic !*yBt>m ha?*, in 

 fliffereut eras, affected the Afrinm/nnd snme evidence is thu;* found of the 

 exiiSteiice of dialeeta of the loimer ditfeviufj^ in certain nimiej* li'oiii tbe 

 present. 



l\vo wpII marked f^ta^M of the luieieut Semitic pystem are dis^ckaed by 

 the AfricHii nuim ntls. 1'bf> ,-iiM ond or Inter apiiear?' to h:ive been an ar- 

 chaic form of. the Hybyloniiui and Himyflriti(\ its yg^ti^t'H are chiefly 

 found in Northern Alrini iut hidiii^ the JVilottc proviiu^e on the one Mim 

 and the ^ieuepinibiun on the otlii-r. Some itf its forms penetrate dee]>ly 

 into JiSid-Afriea mu\ are even found to the sonth tjf tlie iJeltn of the >ii:<'r. 

 The first or older jitnge anpears to have Wen thnt of the moflier formation 

 both of the Semitic anu Afriesni s\-stei»is. Both the nrchuic Hemitic 

 and the pre«Hinn anc or pre-Biibyljuiic iVtrictin are referable to it. Tli« 

 iuduence of the Inter Jiiniviinc is rliif fl\ marked in the AhyAsiiiian langu- 

 ages. That of Arnbicr in Hijfrht and evitli iitly m(aJem, 



ti. The detiiiitiv* 8 entering' intjj the A fri co-Semi lie numeral systema 

 are the wvme that form the pronoun.'*, pretiAcs luid po^tfixe,s &c. 



1. The sibilant and aspinit*', van tng" to the pittiiral, dental and even 

 to the hqniil, feni. in the S< niifico-Libyan bnuR-h — with the exi*«ptioii of 

 Kome archaic itfase. k forni.-<— and haviiiir, an a root, fem. a]'pUcatioD3 in 

 tlie Zimbiun Imtneh, in which it b ojieof the nritK ipal detiiiitivea. As a 

 Sd pron. t\m particle occurs in the Semiro-LiWfin langruaffp** ii* vuriotu 

 Biniple I'onns, m, j^hi, aa, i-sa, ei«,-H;, -is, -b, hu, hi, ha-ha, -ah, -ha^ ta, 

 ta» i-ta, -ti, ti-, eth-, th-, -at, -it, -ith, -tn ; in comj>camd forms, Mi-at, 

 er-su-a, t^H-tu-», fti-te-^^ w-fho-s Jtc, m^-we. su-\ a, hu-wa, hu-ma^ !in-mn| 

 hu-m, he-m, ho-nQu, at-tu-f, w-tho-f, fee., pi. .''u-nuj flu-iin, smi, hf)-n, 

 be-n, pe-n &.e. &c, Daiikali, the iJaJk fam., Bonuii, Zimbian and Mala- 

 pafy have i-fu^ i-si, i-ta, i-'/.i. l^imilnr fonns oecBr in Berber and E^yp* 

 fiait. The ^ame def. is a demoastrative and dem. element^ and a prefix and 

 podtiix. » 



2. The liquid n, 1, r. In the 8emito-Libyon syj«fem it has aeqnired 

 & plural force. But it alfio occurs m a prefix and postfix to roi)t±t amd in 

 the singular mimher, and it irf .still current an a .Hiiip. def. and denjon.^trative. 

 In those African laiiu^iuges tliat have the Jarj^est haisid of archaic Semitic 

 it is a ;id. pron.— (Jatk, EmffhedeRV, Malagasy. In EjjyiJtian it is the 

 3d. person aissertive. In the Zinihian system it is always singulur, IL 

 lu &c.; and in the orcMc Seaiitic eystciQ it was proh*. aing. or indef. 

 originftily. 



