WTHVOtOOT OF TUB INDO- PACIFIC leLANDS. 



48 



S. The Inbtiil, — n 3nl pmn. in EgypHan and Gongn j demon*, and 

 ief. in flil the bnincbpd, but a pref or postf. only in Sunjific. (hiiv** na 

 interrojsralivp ami icla(ivf). Ith:w a xmnv. anil raa-^c. fon-e in Swuito- 

 libjaji. It has a i*!. fon-f in Zimhian, but it iii also an niinortunt Hln*r- rb^f. 



In ZinibiniJ tb'* limtid ('2) iinil tlie siibihuit (1) nournls intm-haif«-p di- 

 •Jefticilly to a ciin?iitierahlp extent. Tbtw the dot', pref. si, zi, oi" Ko^ah 

 bt'COTBe re and li in St uliiuina. In the Seuiito- Libyan system lilso 1 (uxd 

 2 appear tu hsive originally jta^.-itd iiito each other. 



7. In tho oiinifTal wystenir* the Hiune def. occur, and with simiUir 

 variiitio[is. Semitic bus in I the fonns ha, kha, hi aud ta (lliiu.), ia 

 its Afritraii inrins fll.-t* bba, «, t; in ilie furina su, tn, If , ath, ith, j.-*, ahe, 

 — African rliR, i*!, rij kh*', ki, he, hu ; in 3 tbo formn ihn, sha^ sa;, 

 ihe, ^Iri, *!, te^ -Uriea ke, ka, k, sho, so, to ; in 'j tlai fnnn^i kha, kho, kh, 

 Africa Hii, tn, tin, ti ". au, a ; in ft the fonns si, shi, i^he, ts«, Bbi, ha,— 

 Aftim dsn se, 8U, /.n, a, initial eb^ment,— ta, te, nh, t, tin, Africa alsu da, 

 tittiil in 7 the forms sa, -ibi, i*he, ha^ ^ha, Afr, also su, ae, wba ; in 8 

 thu, sha, she^ te, t», thit, Afr. ghu, se, sb, t ; iii 9 ti, sba, sa, zd, &c. J 

 in 10 Hb% s*it, se, ish, s, in Af. si, shi. bu kv.. » 



Id the African systems ihi* sume di'tiiiitive occurs, but less frequently. 

 The variatiinis lire simihir iu the Semitic, biif broad forms are more cum- 

 mon tlum slender on p.^ mid eontractiuns and invfr?ions are rarer. Droad 

 forms are uho preiiervfd in .-ome of the Semitic dialect.-i, and they ap]:>ear to 

 have been thttse of the archaic Semitic and of the primary Seuiito-Africaa 

 Iflosaurv. 



2. The U(pud 1, n, r oecwrs in the Semitic S in the forma na, ne, in- 

 rohj r, Af. nan, nn, ii^, li, il, in ii, hi, lo, le^ Af. m: ua 4 ar, ru; and 

 10 ra, ri, r. in the African b nirititoffW it is much more coiuirton. 



3. The liibiid occurs u.^ the 1st elettient in the ctiin. Seiiiitjc; 1 wa, a, «J, 

 «s the i2tl element in the l^^-yptiuo 3 ; as tfie 2d element in the Bemito-Ii^, 

 4 (arcliaicidly in the Lst also, it is jirobuble)*, as the 2d element in the Se^ 

 miiic 5; as the "id in the t^eniitic and Eir. 7 and 8; ajid as the lat in the 

 Eg-. lU. It apjii urs to have Wen secwiiaary or j^ervile only in the original 

 Byst^^m, — occurring both pretixtially antljKjisTlixiially. 



* ti, Ofn\ The I^ldicaI defiiiitii es of the unit in Semitic and all the Afri- 

 can langxiages are the aspinife&c. aiid the lirpiid ; and from the forms and 

 idistribution it is prokible that they w ere *>rif.riji ally Vin iatioos of euch otlier. 

 The former, in ifs itsiii,^ <rnt. und dental fin ni^, is the .Si'mitic cardinal. In 

 Africa it is aLitt the com, Nilotic and Zimbian root, cbiefiy in sibilant 

 forms, htit deaf a! sind pittural also weiir. 1'be liquid is pn-si*rved in the 

 Ai"'*bic ordinal, aiul it is found in Africa in the Agnm gr., Bormii aud most 

 of the Mid-Afritim and .Ni^i^^rian luniritog^es. 



The labial jtrpf., tidl and eontnu-tcd to Towels, is fomidin 8einitic, Egyp- 

 tian, Berber, Nubian, Ibmmi otid most of theZinibiiin tongues. St>me of 

 the latter and some of the Nilotic and N. Africanlanamafres take otherprc 

 fixes, dental, irutttind &:t'. It in [nubable that hi the oldeitt form of the Semi- 

 to* African systems the prefix tir seria rate def. varied \v\ih the substantive, 

 posttixes also occur in several of the systems. An exumjilf of the use of 

 the labial both as a pref. and post f. is [ires^erverl in tbri Shangalla m Ait-ma, 



Tivo. 'l*lie piimary rtnit of 2 is the liquid. \i\ tJie t*einitic system 

 it has only the sibilant pivtix in 2. But the labial is preserved in liiji-her 

 numbers, 4, 7 &e. In African systems it has the full iiiufie of pretixe.S'. 

 It) the Zimbian fani. the bibiiil is the mo.'^t com., as it appars to have 

 h^m iu the earlier f5emitk. The plural applicatioE of the liquid appeal's 



