iJTBNOLOOT Off TflH IKDO PACIFIO IS&ANDS. 



If and o{ Ultrtbdia fienerill;^. ntf, m(h » vety few exci^pUonf, ereUiiic. 

 Tak(>t) wiih the hin« iirauuDi of dtiiii^reemeitt. ibat rcinainit satonficst 

 Ibent vncabyTane", ari^r excli)<lin|{ the UUritndian wofds tif prnhfllil* 

 Dravinan, CbioeRe, and A»nrieeiBn oriKtEi,, they pruvt ihai the TiJ||iii'- 

 UlUAindtan ritriuaiiwri ntjfirsiced aeverAi iangiiBK^i^^'imsfieSEied of vociSnla- 

 vim thm ditfrred coDftidftalily. 'fhiit indi-ed mi^tu have Jlieeo anticipate 

 ed. At the rem 'la ^^ra wiicn Tibeto-t'liinr'ae or Scythoid tribea beifaa 

 to denrend JltTaimlia, n 19 nut at all prithal)!*! ihar any eivtjtaaiiooi 

 prevailed (mme«iuit^ly tn the nonh of the lliiiuilayB!! nuHien-nUy advanc- 

 ed (tt havt! eetabltfUfd one natitin and one iHD^ua^e ovd a ffjjioti io coldf 

 Hrid and mouniainaiiv. Tiilt weHtern ptofireat of the CbtnifSi may 

 in lime hriDiM; abijut f!uch ait eventi liut it raay lie comriderfd aa certain 

 that It has npver httburia pxj«iecl. At present there are setrpral dialecU 

 in Tibft iiArIf, and, acLuniriiK Cbine«e sathorilies, af v«ra) alto in tbo 

 AdjACPni proVidcea nmv embraced tn wrsicrn China. Where there are 

 now five diMtiiicL vocahulaf i«« iliere may have been more tbao doubjg 

 that nuintHT whvn the {t\hvH of ihis rt'Kivn firiit b^'jican iheirr mavpinent 

 into UUrairidia. In e»tMoat)n)2 the aroounl at lha archaic ^luBasirial iiffi- 

 Xiiiy b<!iweeri the Uliraindian and the TdieUri lanMuag< tt, we inniit aliaw 

 •nnoetbin^ for ihn wurds that may liave been conveyi>d by Bbmiana into 

 Ultraindia since they bccuitieao cirilistrd as tn carry on ft iraffic WUb thi 

 npper tribea uf the Iratvadi, such as iheMiahtni. 



2. Tlie General Contiecdon between the Gangeto-Ultraindian arid 

 tlie Si/uH JUm^mtjes as Diaiecl* of the sa?ne varieti/ of 2%etan* 

 With imr iirp*ent imperfect information respecting the East Tibetan 

 and QHnKeti'-Uliiaindian JanffU3K«'"i a d«tath>d f;raintnatical compari- 

 aon is iinpos^ilde. In Sfci, i, 3, 3, 4, h and 6 (»f chap. I V. I havg 

 ibewn that the North Uliramnian an J the Ganjttiic iarguavfes areinti- 

 SDgtely connected in structure, so far as their strnctuTe ib known, at 

 well ae in pronnnnx, naroriih and (ithpr particles ; und that they ell 

 belnnif the 'ribetii Biirman faii ily, sithnujih a f^arfabie but sliieht arp> 

 ehaic Indian nr 0fsvifian in^jredient 18 found jn mitst of tbera, and aoae 

 have bp*'n jnilaenci«d by the M <n Aram fornaatinn. The preBeEceof t 

 larjje Bhuiinn elemt-ot wa« tnthcHtcd, bui; many commtm trails wer« 

 li>und to connect ihe Uluftintlian with the Gai>j<etic lanjiuajiea which 

 could not be rf'fprred lo HhiiDan. and which pointed at a derivation oC 

 lh« primary Ultraindo-tiiingriic variety of Tdfetan nrii frpcn Bhotiaa 

 but (ffun Brime arrhaic eastern branch i»/ the Tiheian fnrmaiion. 



Referring to chap' IV. for an exatniaaiion of the atrudiue of th« 

 Ganyeto Uttraindian dialecU, it is only nfci'ssary lo add here that 

 the 8ifan lang«aKt-« thai have since been brought K) light by iV!r. Hndg-i 

 iim (irove t'-> bp T» pre*f niiy.ivM of that Eaatern branch of Tibetan from 

 which liif Uttraindo tjaniii-lic dialects were mainly derived. At present 

 very liiile tK fer**»wn of iheir (traniroaTt?, and U wi uld be premature to 

 eom ludt! that siny of these Sifao lang<i»pe!< was Ibe iinnifefJiate parent of 

 ail ih«> ullied Gitn^cto-Ultriiiodjan, Ii is clear that tlie latter are prima* 

 Tily and iirint'ipaily di-ilectf of Ihe Sifan and not uf the Bbotidn branah of 

 Tiheiiin, but r Ilt^rl5' inodt have been a great lapsy of time *.ince thf Sifan 

 tribes firat bp^an to cnxM the rnouniain-j; dialerts inaj bavu tfxbttd ihem 

 in Eaii^rn Tibet whiob are l#t now; and Ibe purvivin^ diuleota have prr- 

 babl;r been uiodlitedl b^- internal lihange, by movemeuCi amongat«Uie nf - 



