42 



BTHNOLOG? or rna ivdo pacific islands. 



rf(I) have olreatlj Wn privfji. 1 talian, sTic, »ben, Ben ; Rang-, ring-, chinj:, 

 zyin^, hin^Ts ^(J"* ~ spha or s-phn ; .'1 tli, ti, zl ; 4 jiior, mnii, walo, 

 mala &;f.v., or ?no'T, rrw^iif waAnf witt-la &c.; 5 kwa-ka', kha-kbe, ko-koi, 

 ku-k, ko-k. 

 Other namesi are nho found in the south. 



6. knino Abor, kbam Siuro. 



7. nak, mak, nyrikj nva, ya, ayin &c,, i"Iflt?^, scp ; or as a qu-litire with 

 the word for or air '. 



8. bik Magar in nani-bik (p» 27), 



9. tna-kuTi'^ Kmai, kun*-keng Burm. Thia is Chinese, kung" chunj 

 K'h.j bimg chuug: K-t. 



OA*. Two bronfl form? of the bqui J root appc'r to bavc e?i.:tetl in the 

 archaic Hinjidaic voeubaLry, dijitin^^ij.'^lifd by the ilnal consonant, the 

 liriit liflTiiiir -k v:iriable to -iit^ niid vv\d tbf second -m. That tJie ra 

 form mt merely a locul vari 'tion i*f in rendered probsible hj tba 

 Scythic esainpli^fl on the (tj.f Hdc atid tbe Liu ou the 3ther. iiut the -la 

 like the -k form Iwt* produced -ng-, -n forni!5, 



A- Tlie -k, (-t) sand deriviitive -ng, -n forms ere -biefly applied in thft 

 Tibetan vocidndrtricw tutiir and mmn. The two meanings* apfjwr t/i have 

 been originally di.^in^uit^bcti b3' the prffixe.-*, i;ut tie variutitma in tfie 

 form of Uic root, are now Huffldcnt Ui make it a diatinct word iu euch of 

 Ua ut^ef", and Rven in luowt of tbe vocabularir.H. 



- The archaic foniii* ti]"i}:Cflr tu have been lhak, Ihuk, lbii|f, [Dopbla bat 

 Jug in tvkUi ], 'J'lieir antiquity it* shown by their prevalence in the 8ortbo- 

 Iranian glossary aa«i>, .flti/, lifffii, thy kl: (e.^. a^mk Turk.^ {i!(//Aif) licH, 

 Ught, hiXf leiikwj Io^Tt hijr, lok kc Su-.) The u, o, form is »tdi refciined 

 4 out of 7 Tibetan dialect* for air^ (I'akpa baa it also in skv and it k the 

 most common vo\reliu white). If a vanation of the liquid to the bilnlant 

 takes plncein Tbocliu it may al&o be found in tbe fsouth, where the archaic 

 Tibetan form for air may'lie jifirtly repredented by the a, z fonua. The 

 Ttijing- zyung, Taii^khul su, Nn£ni yak (=*ak), IV'i[>:d ro, su, sag-, so, 

 itiich. Ijash, Abor snr mov tlau be remnant.'* of the ]>riraary Tilx'tan cur- 

 rent- To it are undoubtedly retferablf the Mifshini, Abor^ Koreng', Toun^- 

 thu, Kumi nut) Lau forma for jftomi Ibo^ rhu, lo, lu, iurr, bu>, duen &c.^ 

 and tbe miore common Ihu, In, Ihu. The fina k preserved in llorpa is not 

 foiLod in nny of tJje southern forms, and, on the other band, there is now 

 no exafuple of the u, o, form with iim apj)licati(m in Tiliet. 



In Tibet Takpa has tbe only example ot this fonn ap]ilie4 to skfff but it 

 is conimon in t!te Ronth, m varioufl forms Himthir to the Tibeto-Ul- 

 tramdian usf^d ioTairj and generally referable to the fiome prima n- current 

 with it. These forms aw probably contemponmeous with the BhotiBa 

 nam. 



The root dnt-jt not of-rnr ni^^^rrin the Tibet o-THtraindian vocahularieR, 

 altbouirh the labial rnnt i:« «,sr>d fnr /f//A shf and ^mm. fiut i^utne of 

 Mou-Aiinm vwibuluj-ieH have it with this meaning tmd in the archaic u 

 fonn. The Annm lua Jire ii* iiJentical with tlie 'J'ayinfr Slifthmi lua of 

 Art-lua mcwnj 10 which the .Siinncye \ mm moon is allied. Tho Kantil»ojan 

 jji-!ung //»v, rcHembleis the Lau lun, nung, AI>or |?(>-lo moon, and the ar- 

 ch iic 'i'ibero-l iltr. pi>-rp\, lung, noiig kc. air, sfty. ITiis is one of tlie.^e 

 Bp|>lieAtjoiifi of tbe common Himflhiic roots ly which the Mon-Anara 

 biamrh at^j^f rfs it?* nreliaic ^|watioti from tbeTibeto-Tntmindian. 



The s>leiider forms of the hquid root belong cliiefly to the later Bifan 



