ETHNM*OOT OF THE IVDQ. PACIFIC ISLAT^OS. 



43 



a»m«it to the soutli. The ^-^ A:- prefiiea show that one ofits printipal 

 sourteH wufl Gyfiruiiff . Tb^se forai;? iiic not iniraerous, ntml they are rliKfiy 

 found in the emascuuited Imwady g"! 'U]i, the cotinection of wljiah witk 

 Gyarung- in its late form i.s (Jintinrtly r.iarki'd by such vccables. Abor and 

 Aka have similar fonn.-*, an in insiuy oi lm instuuoeti.t 



B. The arthflii; -m form of Bhv>t,i)ui, uani sk^^ wli It has Iwen commn- 

 nicated to Tiikpo, irt the only Tibet.m cxiimi»le of tiip j.m^ervutiraj of this 

 variety of the liquid r&ot for JH'A/^e, /?-rom Gyarutig", to the f:ki/ al- 

 though the Takpu knfr- mn, and tin' nthern ram, Tung tStc, nay be 

 variations of it and not of lhak. The hau loin, air, ha.> the. .irghnit! tbrm, 

 &9in the ivhiie cf (jyaruriif, Kumi, Kaii.i and Lepcba. The illiotian foria 

 13 found ill the I'lipal dialectfi as skj/ and %/*/, lunn, nap, nip, rkip. 



2. The fomas ni,ni, (nash) iiyi, nyiu, nyt- jijihal the\s*/M and rf<s^ in 

 most of the Ti be to- r 1 1 ni i I uli u n voax 1 ud i i ri a re c vi il e n t ly n ri-hfl j c. The 

 root appecTH to he ilislinct from that whirh we have been considDritig-j and' 



Horpa has the only Ti(>etan exampip of tTif» broad form, snu (uiilfsa 

 the Mauyak nftsh-chah bt; ua-sidiab). Thenbli-r sonthnni curi fnt [ii'ejien*e« 

 Bi example in Anam n'rni, Kamlwjun ^':roup ta-n^]. 



The mo^t common Ultnundiiin toriii for xua. — which has spread to tha 

 NIpal group — apjwnrs from tbepr^'ttv t<i 1 (iyarnn^, 



3. The sibilatit root pre.^titc? difhcultics from itA interebancro with ths 

 liquid. In Til>etit ia not ourrejit m n>hkr, and t\m only undfjubred examples 

 in the present series are the bruad fona ebb all ni'/tm Thocbuj <'hah in day 

 Manyak, and the slend<^r tsi, t-bi Gyaruoir in j/Mon, Mtir. i 



In the south the root h still current with the primary mertninj;^ whitBX 

 Naga eha, che ; fian|r, sontr, i*ia?, in^ny: ; tlioli ; Tiberkbad chon'jf, Mon 

 chUj Nic, so; Anam se, saeh, {off fir t*nn^, thanh, tot, that tba). £if/ki 

 Singpho thoi, Jib thwe, N. aird C. Tangkbul she, shea, 



Tl'e connection between iwrae of these form and thojte used in namei 

 for ilai/ &L'. is unequivocal, e. ^. An^ami ti-ao, {.ffo/-niMtt\ niffht 



ti-?j sk}f'Mtie\') Rhjm a-*ong^i \ v'hUi' Noj^aun«jr l/i-ifm-w.vx. Auftta 

 clear mng, iif/ht »\i san*^, mu miig,J{rr su sanj;, eanj;^ lanir, (Ihmit dcaff 

 t-mng, t-Touif ttfhitfi), day mui;, mang mag gk/f-iohite (also fiffhx Atm 

 Vang- hon^»" (=ini»ng fton*f). Johoka whiU' elip f=i?ie Afisim); air mug' 

 che, Mijbu stwiff-la daif^ lif//itf ( Anam song), Tuyinir woiia /ff/hL hi .trm 

 of Jiflga ran«r-bftii, wan, wanp:-he, wan^^'hi, su-hihj (Jaro ra-san, san 

 (also day\ Bodo sliyan, Mnini,'' datf tt»a-lo, (bur-ro /lif/ht), H, Kunii 

 a-hong-nat^ Lun^ke dug sun. in ^evend of tbe^te fonns the primary qua- 

 litive meaning' of whittf hrigltt^ I'/tjUj {itktf-whitc or brhjht ice.) u still 

 obvious. 



From the mrity of the sibilant elenient in the Tibetan namesi — \t» ab- 

 sence with tlje [irlmarY meaning' whUt', — its nrnservation with that mi-an- 

 ing" in Dravirian — ancl the resemblance of tin* 11 train do-Gangi^tic tn the 

 Dravirian tbrma-— it fwipnirt miwt probable that the former are Dmviriaa 

 and not Tiljetan. Tfje fame diflit;ultv meet,s ns with the labial root, wbiclt 

 is both Tibetan and Dnivirian. In fwth tusied loo, archaic llinudaii: fornw: 

 similar to the Dravirian are preserved by Thochu^ wldt!h in tbejje, att in 

 many other roots, aeparat^ja itaelf from the other Tibetan dialects, and 



In names for jr^rtr i!ome slender forma occur Af-rek Mru» rae-rik - 

 Namsang, le-thi -Muthun, le-tsi Joboka &c. (le,le-t-lu, le-tj, moon^ comp. 

 tai-le tnaon Uyar.) 



