117 



that, Khari .ti-ch^'tj Tlfuthun rt-f^1iot, Haro diet, Burmtin Mhrit, NogKinriJ 

 te, Deoriii t/w/'Nclie, Chousr A'/z-fi, Ati'rflTni M/'-ta, Xewar eiiyti, Tfniiisa thii" 

 tep. TiiUi^ the Chmf>-TiVt:m l(){i)'s*Mt"t» tormot'l). In mn-A the iiipntity (»f 

 th«r,l, clement of 8 writli t -ams noiiitwd r>ut, and the iiit>i"i>;'»? <]niwn fhnttJ 

 wa^i 4. 2, i.f. 2,1 i, i h'* Hccninl elomfnt res"mliliny i^mtif form * of i. Hut tliR»e 

 common sofithi-ni foruw of 8 appear folio reeoiicilrnbie wirli tho northfrn. 

 Ill t le remnrkfl on the C!irw;f^ ami TiMan U nml 4 tbo rulirul iilpntity 

 of b'tih wTiM shinv^n, a-itl it wa«i pniiitfiil out tliat|he Tib»*ttrji liquid form (tt 

 i jrresRfved a v.in«'tv tu>vv ohs-i^tf' in tliR OhiiiP'io 4, altlum-^h pfasf^rved 

 in '3, "one. of jn tiiy ilhurni^inns oftlif ffrejrtaiitif^uity of tlie tiVAt, tlilFiHion 

 of tho €moo-Til)r?t:in iiuni'»ral.^." The j>n)!iably dfinary origin of the Obi- 

 n«we 8 Hfid 0 u'.u* rtlfMi noted, f n my ni^t coinjiarison nf tJm Cliiiio-Til«;- 

 .fcin nn'n^irnl*^ (Afip. 0.), I rpinivrkod ttn? uccuniance of .stMii-j forms of thft 

 liquid elem*?nt iit W with liquid tVii'm:^ of 2. It' we ooaiidm* tliin fcletii^nt 

 ttn in *ll f■!ls•^■i reprfi-^PoHug 2, tb« sionthern nuin*M'aI.-* of f\ip. 'I'iheto-Uar^ 

 m'in family art: reconciled with tlie inrt'thern, and both wttli th'' Cbio'^He* 

 ■ nd tliis view I now cori:*ider th(t rijrlit on(*. According: to it, thn Tiljotiiii 

 9 and 4 rctji'u fonn*? tvf the Cliinose ti dlr^t i not from thti current nasal 

 ones. The cuaiiaou southmi 4, ui'i-W, jii'Vi^ Im-U-, b-n tmt it:*, i.'^ nn ail- 

 df^nt Tibotau fonw of '2 and +, ^'orrcsjtoudiiii^ with the Cliinejie li, lirtijpr?i. 

 A Ti1»eto-Bu"ra III full f<»rm with the labi:U prf^Lx, as in 4 i\nd H, aha 

 prPfiervpd in ono of the most ftrchai'o of the !ioufli(.M"n diidftct^ Mm, which 

 nail fi-Ti' 2, ('-omp. H.'dodf-re 4, &c \ h<\). Tim ji|i{W'ni's 1 1 luivo bofii re- 

 placed in 2 of th(3 otlier south'^rji dinlectH by thn htter prevuJeot Tilietan 

 The sm»ml eb^ment in the Tdn'tan H, ifynd, p;y**t, ypt^ <x\e, en, iiiu^t lie* 

 formof th« unit renreiMmtifiji' Uk The Mru ri-yat 8 ha^ tlie tw^o pure 

 rwtA 2, 10, as in liorpa and Gyarun;r. * 



From th*! preceding: TablH it appeurs that the defitiitive need as tho unit 

 is fouml in 1, U, 7, 10, nod, in !*oiue(li;dert!*, iu 8; and th:tt; the deBiutivn 

 used lui 2 i.s tband in 2, 4, o, and, iu .some dialects, in 8. The.-»e two doiiui- 

 tiven may lietermwl tliti unit mid the dual. 



The unit beini,-* iji its oriiiia a d''mimstr.itive or definitive nae'l quali- 



that of thii defitiifive iu the older of Un^iaj^e, In the Chino- 



Himalaie defiiivtivo jjyrjtem thp not'uml unit del', was the Lfuttunil, varying 

 to dental, Hibilant and a>[iirat« forms, aa the Hiim"! d«;:". and uint di>ea 

 in all uth-.T fonuationa iu wbieh it ueeuru, rfeythio, S<'nii('i-Afri<;;ui $ce. 

 It aim Viiried to the liquid as in other foiaiatiou.-*, but this fonii vvar^cotu- 

 parativ<dy rare. In Tibetan thi* d'jf. i,-* )low ap[tliej to inaniujate anbstaa- 

 theliibial bein^r tho pnnviry iiuiiaiite def. 

 The 01iiuo-Iiim:il4it; nuitv in itHearhest (:ui;iiiKahle afea^je, had two fjfl^I»^^, 

 cneliiLviu^ the hiUiaJ iiual, and the other tbe gutturai pa^^jin^^ into tho 

 dental, tbe vowel bein^ broud in both^ u, an, a ^Sce, K^ttaiit examplen, 

 gyud, kyok, kyot, kat, (kunfr, kang' ^c); siit, tsnt, diat, j.it & ztupj, 

 eutu, sun, tham, chop, (dun, huu, tun, hoii;^, min Scj,); !uk, rtik, Jat 

 (ram //wJ.^ runjj, nung' &c.). Of the^e forms those with the ^ttural ini- 



• As tlie CLutifeie y of yat, yit apitear* to have been formed, not jj/ 

 A eoaverdion uf ch, into ^, but by a hardening of the vowel, fioui an am- 

 plifiod votailio form i^inaiar to 9, it is prohabEe that in jjyud, g i.-* tho ni- 

 itioul initial, and yu mwely the aaapliti'.'d v<»\Tel. Coijap-'th^ J-ey^ha Jtye* 

 in kyok in 8. 



