lis IlTflNOLOUI OF THE IXllO-i'ACinC iaL\»D3. 



tifll oro probiiMy the ohleM. Forms in t, d, ch, z, 1, r ajifxn^r to hfivf 

 heen formed fnnu hut iin andttit ii^-ritH], uud hefore tlu* Kv-^tem M>rfiiJ 

 inttj 'I'lbet. A\lirn it w:is first wirrii'tl into rhe Ilimulaic provjiJcts uroud 

 forms only iTiiVoilcd, and tlif^^e arc i^til] flic mont common in it- 



In the next or ild iita;re— tluit. iiresccved in thf' southern Clnnese diu- 

 Jecta,— .sletaler vowels wri f dt;vplo|n'd, but the fmsil eoiiMWiants were rf- 

 ttoued. The Biiotiaii 1 chi^-, cliik, is ruferablu to tLi:* condition of C'H- 

 Tiese. 



In the 3d or Uitej-t sta^^e^ or fhut of the modern Kwnn-hw-n^, the vocalic 

 and ellijftic: tfud^nuy wL lit ^^r^m^h^ In th^i Ku-au-hwa iihonolo;;y all 

 the consomuifal iinals, saxe ii and ufi', have diiy.i|>|<cumi. The ouly nume- 

 ral farms refomWe to thit* stji^e that nrf; found in Tibet, arti Mimtsofl 

 aad 10 (sill, dji, i:htv tht, ti). lis iiifluenc*' [s^ chief! v marked in tit*? t:t>n- 

 tractiotis of the niuive vmnvble,'*. Many of tlit* Unnnl urchtnc forms ure 

 still preserved, ullhouji^h vociilised by th« loriji of the iinnl con^ionant. Ill 

 othtrii tho vtnvel hat» Wome wli'ndt'.r. If tlie furination of the Ivwan- 

 hwa |ilutiiolo;'v only br*rim in th<- Tnan^ dynaniy (A, D. lo 907) — ai 

 Mr. Edfi kin beUevej? — mid th« la-w of the tiniilcon.'onuiiU t-injk [tliive after- 

 wards, its iuHuenco ou the ilimalmc province juu-^t b** very modern, 

 l'ro1j:ibly it dates frtiiJ the cojic^uciit of eajiteru TiLict In the Chinese m 

 tlie I'Jih eenturv. 



The ;id sta<ri^ ln-in;r broufrht down to ft p^ricwl m recent, the 2d will not 

 require to lie phiced ut u vi-ry ffresit di-*tjnit'e behind it, 



A second Clnnese def. vi^ed the uint \vu« the labial. It appeurp to 

 Imve I>eeti <lif>usetl at a very remote iieriuii^ and before the (.'hinej*e sys- 

 tem was Ciiriiei to Tibet, as it i& only extant in the Chine--ie H pat Lc. 

 (for the ujiit of 111), iind KIO }jiik ice. This i:* i:n archuic form of the 

 jiiiisu. labvid qiiahtive uud deiinitiveof llie llimaUie syritenu 



The normal dual del', wud tho Uqutd in u^, 1, Tj vuriublo to th« 

 •ibilimt. 



Forms of tnjs usit uarumv*. 



Jiroad Forms, 

 ls.t> 0 foriua, 



I and X. Thearehaie broad furnir* have, rn nio^t of tlie Chinpse and 

 Tibetan diiilectis, been ehunix«"<i into wieuder i>ue,<. tiume of the Chinese 

 toinis retiiijj iinul k, t, (in 10 p.) The oldest fornii; appear to have Ixjen 

 kuk, kut, tuk, ehuk &c., kak, ink, diak &;e-, mid the!»e are current in 

 >■ . E. Aj^iiiu M litenm. Bhotian in 10 pre.-<ervea a simdar fomi jl'-chu, Set-pji^, 

 Gurun^r < lndi. The |rreatuntii|nity of iliis form i:i curroliomted by its re- 

 tention (tf the nrehinc lubiii I dt-t. us in tlie Diiiviriini pts-vUi^ hn-<^ kc. 10, 

 .Scyrhic hr-i 10, /w/-ke> ./r-ti> kv.. 1- A srmihir broad form is found in 

 the 1 fvf Sjrmi Koren to, Fwo haren Im duj Ten^'-wi M-^-tii, whence the con- 

 tracted Knki, JhiL»ar and Lcpcha ktt-\. Thothu retains thia form in 10 

 Afl-du, i\ Tibetan J'orm of the rl^ot efimslly arcbaie with the lihotimi 

 ^chu. Tho a J chiiic irawsidi forms clearly luwociate thenifielvef^ by their 

 pretix with Tliocliu, which proltibly preserve.-* »n older form of tho 

 (iyaiun^-- Aw-ti,— u in the slender phoofilo^y In-coming i. Thd Lau uuiig:, 

 (Unjr ill Ahom), rtiferuble to the Tibetan d, 1 forms. 



l.r. The i^a me archaic form of the unit la fomuliii the 3 of Bhotian . 

 -f^-tvjox uud liorpti tsu. It b tke luu^t prevulwt loim m the south oud 



