ITH^fOLOGY OF THE INDO-PACIFTC ISLAKBS. 



121 



Forms op the oual OBFiNmrB. 



11. A. An Qrcbaic Chinese form [s preserved in tlio Ilok-kien no and 

 Tie-chiu no. 



B. The next f^rra Pvol\'eil appcnr;? to have Leen lianjr, leung-, ni, — 

 probably from an unrliiiiu form <.>f no [f-. ir- up:ik, nyuk or iiioU, niak, 

 niiinir, tiatJir], Mi is the coWoquial rihimj^bui form, and appeal's to have 

 been also the Kwan-hwa, 



C. The hitf'fit form has been evolved aincs Kwan-hwft converted m 

 into rh, in Gjami ar. 



Some of the flefrrfttratives used tq itulimte pairs were prolmblj ancient 

 vord^i for (wi?. KwanHj-tunj^ hnn tui and sheung, K'wan-hvva tu mid 

 fthwiing-; Sbangbai has roii-,' "a pnir of shoes." 



The o formic not fiviiid in thfl tlimaUiic provinuo in '3j anre in the Ku- 

 mi nbii, Sibsaf^fir Miri n'4t)-ye and Siiiir[ikii frattunilisfvl nk!ionjr. A cog"- 

 uate broad vjiriety \a preserved in Thof.'hn irjra, ilanynk na, Takpsi iind 

 Bixlo nai, and, less coiitractLnl, in the Boriuiin \vr. tihsa-h, rdiai'^ (sp. nhii), 

 Ten">sa tf-iiat, ^'offJlune^ «-na. Tlio Hhotisni iiyis, (tvuriini? nes, are 

 slender varietie fi>rnind f mm a similar arebaic 'J'iJK-tan furrn [idiak or 

 nyak, tii^ls„ ngik, iijik, n«rit, ngl-* ; nis]. The ChiUf^lo n-j^ik preserves 

 an older stage. 



The sp, Bhotirtn iiyi, Rorpa n^a^ nre not derivatives from the Kwoit- 

 hwa glojisnrvj, but Jotral vamtions produced imder tho inHneitcf? of the 

 later Chinese [thouolu^'y. The contraction of the ciiiari broad forms k to 

 be exjdaijic-d in the *fiine way. 



In the t^tinth, tlte (irfvalent slcntWr f*»rms nhit, nypt. ugi, ni, ne &c. 

 are not, in ffenend, TilKjtuu iroportutioiis, but local aHHijuilutioii.s to tlie later 

 Chiito-Tibetan fornix, iiuiiicfd by tbe modern photmbv^y. {A^e p. 17). 



The MijHu ami tniro nin^r i--^ n-fi^rable to uiL There ia no example in 

 the llirnalaii; provhiee of tJio modani Kwan-hwii form. 



Wbile the Chin^'se dialtuftH tistf lioth tlifnn.^al and liqni-l (f. fr. ni, liimg') 

 forma as distinct word* for 2, it, h remsirkfdile rkut <irdy<i?ie ot tbn knowTi 

 Himalnie vocfthularie.-* ii>e^ the limiid. It is t'ound in one of r}ie least ma- 

 dernisied of the Yuma diaJcet-H, \lrn, in tbt; fur m //-re, t!ie vnwt'I being: 

 that of the najiul form in Toanir-tbu, Anirami, Kbaii, Diiimttl, Lepeba, 

 Limbu, Gyarung tmd llorpu, Tiiis iA an arch;iic Cijinese vmvel— leunfip 

 KwanjiT-tu jy:,— -a id as it ia pre^sfrved in thu 4 of ALuiyak, Itudn, Honnan, 

 Aagami, Tyn;4!*ii »nd Smiwar and in tb" 8 of KirsnitJ, Miinoi and Gu- 

 ru/^, it was 11 obahiy at an early period rarrtrnt us 2 in Tibet, Tho Kasia 

 ari^a (-oirn:ita bfoiid vamtj-jof u-bieb t}ie full form im jtrfyerved in p-iMh 8, 

 In 4 aod 8 ii and n<«t ui i^ the comm ui Inrni. It is clear tbf^rcfure tlmt 

 li, ri, r^", w*^re ua^td loc 2 in tlie Tibtjtau sy^teai before it was carried 

 sou'b,aod a.^ the n form, now almo.-^t uoivpisjil for "2, bad arebaie foi'fns 

 wmoli could h.irillj have luen dcriveil irjm China ijub^etjueot to Ii, it is 



Itrobflbk tbat in Tib !t nbo bucb forms w< ra current at one pedot!. Tli© 

 abi il prpKx iodifii'f s ilir j^reat antiquity of the I, r, fui in. Itmu.^t h:iva 

 h*mi diau-ted in "2 htd" jre the orijfinal of the prevalent youthem syateina 

 Waa trau.-*[">vtt"d from Tibet. 

 Jhe Lau tjan^, son^, Changlo ching (ng^ik cliiog:) appearS; like nung y 



