ETHNOLOGY OF TOE 1NB0-PACIFIC iSLAm)!?. 



1 and ofhpr nnnieriilH, TIjgsp Tliinnlnic jiamepi are n distinct proof of the 

 fin:fKiit; prcvnli'iKM* af rli»' friirtm-jil unjJ in i'hinfl, find <>f rlip Chiiipsf si'f- 

 teiii hriviiiu- Ix'pn niniftd fn l^ilirf Ijt'furt' the ent when dfiilal, sihihint and 

 liqtiid hti rnH iv|il:iml the fruHurnf."" 



Tim pnn'h' idmrfefit- ( linniri' pvodin'ed the exisdiifr Chinepfr ?y8t*»in, in 

 its (iJdf«st fturii. It ii+ btiHi'd i>n t«(t tviiirnl forms id' fhf» mndi^-d unit, 

 (Tst) chviik, < hiik. (diut. dnk. r!i:ik, dftk &r., whein-i- ch)int. t-*at kf. 7, difk, 

 chit Jcc. 1, and hdi, Ink hv. fi; (2d) chnrn, rhu|v rhup &o. whenre irhiip, 

 &e. lit, Slim, san^ The Ijiffiii-v of fhr- ehsmii'ei' in ('Jjinpsp pho- 



Tiolivyy, h:i3 insidfii fjrtnt Jidviince in rlio hsiud-' nj M r. Kdkin?'. hut thf ful? 

 fbicidHfioiitif thrdt'vidtfnmfnt td'rlif mjiin^ritl systm^ ninst iiwidt further pm- 

 "■rcjis, The ti.!!rtl crttiMmjmt h;i< soniH dcpfiidi'Tirfnn flip voweh :ind esj>t*ri:i]- 

 ly on tliptoin?. wurds *Midinir >f» -k liiive the Imhijd vonelw u, o {Kd- 

 kiati' (Trnmniur (jf ShiiTiiihni pp. "ifl, (it>li. An exiiniinntioii; of the ]di(inetic 

 chnnirti^r^ shown I hut iiri, j'v, i% I'l, pief»^r -k, vvhilr fti. ni, f', i pref r -t j 

 vri aUo tiduiiir -p f I'^dkiiis* on Ancient Chinofip Prnniinrijifion; Tr. f'hinw 

 Brjtnch R. A;*. StJi'. Part IV p, r>'i). The vowel Mmy influfni-fr* the 

 iiiirtid fonsonant. TJins in Shjin-rhin k hws n tcndonry fo tw> )>rononnt'P(i 

 heforei Wke t, tiy or dj.Th*^ rfunhir (iiud ntnsun!nif> tukpn hy wordn in the 

 lony- tones lire -risr, -n, -m. The .short or aHi npt tune doe5 i>ot ndmit of 

 these, tint titkes ttie coirej^pfuiditiLi- finnKt -k (or jr)* -t ftitd -p. The 

 lTni«!5rtire i)f into -n and -u^-, and id'-n antl -nij into -t and -Ic, conjje- 

 qiieiit on <;r{ii]ual chanire.'^ in the vowel or its ti»ne, wonhl eifdain the exin- 

 tinw of thejiiuno ft-nrd in different ajrf's or dial«'et^ in ."^nch fonn.'^ knm, 

 kflp, kau, kim'Sj kat, kiik, kajr. Th<' elamLre.'* in the irniinl eon^ioniint may 

 hnve .*onu' inflnpnei' on thf vfuvel and finid. In rom}Hmi»ds the different 

 wm tlfi pxerc if^p iirt intinenre on eaeh other, and theChine.^e mnneral^ al>ove 

 2 were ori^rinalfy aM rompfanuls. In these nmiponnds the same mnit and 

 ilnal oixupied liif^'eient pdsitions wifli relation to each other. Thus in 1 the 

 unit stwtd hy it-elt ; in .3 it f«dIo;ved the dual; in Ti, it hml the dual hoth 

 before and Indiind it ; a.s the tirml eletnent m ti it folluwed it ; in 7 it 

 followed ifs^-lf. Aj^ the last elemeitt in these compound:* di.-tin.ifuiMlipd 

 the niniilKT fioin the one imniediutely preeedinfr, it vvoidtl most readily 

 yield to phon»*ie jnfltieneei* indiieinjr a ehunu* of ionn ; anit n hen thuiS 

 chfln«;ed, it wcadit he conpsidered the distinftirve element, even l>efore 

 the premliuir nnineral eeased to he re|Kiited. 'Vhi' Milehanjinrj !*uiu ."H, so- 

 rum tiik (i, .H(!-nikh ]f5. miiy Im- examples of jui enphi>niedianr^e of the 

 inithil from 8 to t untlerthe inHnpnee of the roiison«iit uf u pmnnliTiij element, 

 yuidi LdaniLiefs are rtunmon in all harmonic fori natkais ; imd Mr. Edkins 

 hsi* tihesvn that ChiJie,'<e i:* much more plustic in its sounds thfln ha* hi- 

 thert<> heen su [ijMised. The iiivei^tiiration of thi^i ^nlyeet must he the 

 work of a CliineKe seliohir, and in ft more advanL-ett ^itw^e of I lje science of 

 Chine.>*e phonolo^'^y. 



The direet <dianire from tlm khial to the guttural fiiml is well dIuiitnUeil 

 hy niuny of the Jlimidnic glo.'jsuries. Numerous curreut rootij haveluid 



• 1 do not overtook tlie poi^i^ihility of the sy^item hnTin<»' orif^iuated 

 in Til)et and heeii thence transferred to Chimi. The full dim»(*^ion of 

 the jtrimary relations of the Chino-llinialaic tribes jnul dialect** denjunds 

 a »eetbi! hy jL-ielf. The community of the numeral roots in their older 

 Ibmis^ wa:^ |>rol>iiUIy ha imeieiit that of the prououtus. But the deve* 

 loped Hjdtem ap|>eanj to me to b« Cliiaeee. 



