127 



both forniA from remote periods, but the most Jircbsiie, aa we luvve found 

 ill nirUiy iiiritiinceifi, is f.be UibiuL Tliii» tlieuliieHt. fanii.s {►t'tbe liquid rtujt 

 Utr wk flt'f fiii' lire lum, lum, rutri, diiin, tloui iScr., wIh'mcp iuiig, ki^, 

 liinjj-, Ink, rliur, hit &c. For n'tttt'i\ river k.i.\ the forui.s nam, iiak, r^uig*,, 

 rak, rik, rit, ri ^cc.; i'or fiiuUHtnin hini, ( h'?i.-*iu) riim, n<nii, luiipr, dmiLf, 

 rorig, non^r, rok h>r kimd l^'k, ihik, i-liuk, Viik, let &('.; for i>t3tJti 

 tup, (Ink, dollar tur mm shorn, soiiir, rhiir, dr.ik, elmt &c, — are 

 all enrreut. Arflmiir hihinl f\)rmf of the lhiiiiiimii friiiialuii! roots are 

 iniirit mmiiKiii iii th« oliltr Sdiithcni vnrsihnliirifs — the M^Ki-Anam, In 

 own oftlie liit'-Tj the circruiii>t!inc'o nf itd haviiiij: been reduced to wriiiiijr, 

 eimiiles m to tiiu'c the I'ecent |>rui:'n>s tVoin lnl*i:il fu <;'iittu!nl tiouls. In 

 JjUi'Oiiiii tup Jot oi" the era whvM the sdjihidjet w":is atrrpiired, i;^ now pro- 

 n«>iiucu!d f<*k ; Tihup nuntth is now iihuk; a-riip vhlvt rff/y is now ii-yok 

 ?hi). The ciianjiv ut ui to n, ik\n\ ihat of k to t, are alrio eoniirion. 



Tli« two types (if ttie unit iii;iy have hfeij eout^jnporuitettus in the 

 sanio < 'hiiiese dialect from u very ivniute period, iind even in the guttural 

 mv. The preswiit syjitem nmy Lave rcstiUeti from jrrsKUud ehaiiirea in 

 the i*f»nie diideet— the liitfereut fni'inw of the uuit in hiirher niuuhtT:*, to 

 gomw extent repivseutin^" tho forms uwd iis 1 ia different aires, A 

 ver}' rtliirh! *:h»vn[i.e, in the tone, vowel, tionl or initial, would suffice, m 

 a iinaiij>yl!abit; and rielilv'' voeidi.^ed Ijuiiriiiicfe, to niisi^ rli*^ unit in ii 

 higher number lo tfie rauk of a di^finet ViiCitble, atnl enniilo it to di;*- 

 peiis« with the other meinher of the (!nm noiintl. The euiTent 1 Ijeini? 

 used as mi article, and niutdi inoro fivipuMitly fliun hiirher nuiidx^rn, 

 would I«! more linble to jthnnetie ehaujieri ; ;Lnii the unit(* (*f hiijher num- 

 bern, u ben riieir fjeiiesdniry \viit< lost, wituld nut t+hare in these (^banj^'es. 

 But it is mure i^irwbablt' tbat tho 4!-:ei ey <*f iiini*« tiimi oue dialeet is to 

 \)e recoLi-nised in thi* diffL'ient Chiut;se tWnia of the unit, am itsoelearly vi 

 in the Himjilnie proviine. 



The areliaif. e.\ii5teiiee of the iruttunn] root with bntli dental and 

 Iftbiiil finals ii^ r<'n(hT«d [tndmfile by t'ompurijiir the BJn»tiaii tbrms tor 

 loin S, jxyud, fj!;yet, frye, ken, kliyn with tho lOof Mijbii kyep, tfvep 

 (in Cht'prtn^- livib, Kiiauti ki|<, Lt<|iuha ti[> {in 11, I'J&c.), Limbu 

 fiip (ill ItiO), Mikir ke|i, — these labial binns with the Chinese uiul Lau 

 sip, rhiipicc. Ill the Teiiaserim t^nii, 8, lOand ifie etnn. Lau (,4nt,<;het 7, 

 witli ^i^^ 1*1 and limiily the current L'hiaos« ebit, chek, cku* Jte. 1^ 

 eh'hit, ch'het, tsiit, sit 7, witb t?bip, sip, chap ikr.. It), and sum S. Thti 

 Mnn-Auani dfnible fnrm In^r, lak, hit and da|t, — dam, laui,roni, nam, — aJso 

 shows that bnth finuls wt^ro current at a very reuntt^^ period. Thf? -njo^, 

 — n, -1, linal is le*js C(nnnion tkuu -in and -t, -k, ami in snnie cuseB it muy 

 bfi derived fr^m -k. Uut there aro iitstanctw in vvhieb it is certftiuly 

 a vaviaticm of tirchide -m furras, »nd it may offeu have bwn the imme- 

 diate parent of tlitw in -t, -k. Eur exampb? the unit of the lihotian 7, 

 dun, further nioililied in the Clnuifrlo tliur I, is fr^titk an archjiic dum, 

 '/nin, pre.served in the Chan-Jo zum 7. In -J, sum, siiiii» elitui^'-es to son|.'-, 

 wifig, son ; in ID it hrts tbe ft inns sura, fOit<r^ tbsun, san ; in 11 doiig*, ron^'-, 

 luk, 'i'he U(piid fortn has the variations nmi, riui^', J:ik. The iireliaic k 

 fnrm with iiual -hi is very rare, but the form kun, ;»un. ken &c. is 

 widely preserved in I, (t, 9, 10, i^O and 1(MK Mijhu has a vunalion in 

 Hfrnn 8, in whi>-h ihe initiiil k orgid also iiiusuUsed ; and the Uliotiaii gyu4 

 8 mny be from a similar form. 

 Ad the labial form i^uot now fuuudiu 1 of CMucsc or any of the Uimalaic 



