ETH?fOLOGY OF TAB n^DO-PAClFlC ISLANDS. 



139 



«nd Uow many vermons of thh series w**rR cnrried to the South ? On ft 

 cui'sury grlance iit a tH>mii!iiarive tnUlPol l"litf mmipmlf*, it inijrlif ^ iiiter- 

 reii that, in uli tlin' ilialtrf.-*, llie cinnnmn hnywd lorni in 2 ;ind liiirLer nuin- 

 bfTS, niirnt, nhiit, n^n, iifru kt:. jmn-eded the slender cm reiit t'uiin ti -ik, 

 fihit, ui &«, ; mid thiit tlif hitfst unci most c<mt nut cd ijinsiil t'unu tir2 ni &e. 

 Wim thf {mreiii uf thv li t>f 4, Tliit? wjis tlmilitlw!* ihc phniu lit- urd^i'ot'the 

 mi)tutimi?,if li be h-oin the nn^al root. lUit it liy no imniLns h>!low.'* rhsit bci-iuise 

 ni id navv tlifM uncut 2)n HPVfnil tri;ilert,>j, it tlio iiuniiiMiiuft-' inin-iit of tliti li 

 ciinvMf in th'';*!Tiuiedi!dt:i"ts. The hifititrinil ftiiccrs^tooot th*' funnsofn ro< tiri 

 tl j«irticul)ir diiilfctJrUHiio iipct»^a»iry depfiuWiicp oti tIk' ulwolutr ]tlii!iiloi;ii!ul 

 sucrpitsiori, A slender form may (w <!tmtemj>onm eons* wit h i\ liruiidforin in oi e 

 jn'ouji fur tliouriinids of vfars before ii evolvHil in lumrhcr jirou|.i; and 

 It niuv be connnuiiieiitHtl^ in ii sfimiii npiihcsiiio r, I)y the fanucr uniJ re- 

 ceivetl by th« latter na a t^ub-iriuitive VdLiiltlf whih* ihvi only Jiiifivo lor ug 

 continue to bi* Hroiid. Jn n nnincml s'eritid it is ot conrse ]<os.-iliIe fn, a 

 Unit loot or ft duid root coiiiiinJi) to stn'inid imnd»t>if, to ftiiffer |iiniiic'tio 

 clmn-iPrt in on€ number uhilfr it iidhi^rc:* to the <dd t<irm i\\ th* tttlicra. 

 And it nii^dit, ut tir-rf tjiiiht. !ip|«ertr tlisit ih*' h ot'4\vaB un in.-*timc!' of tbe 

 JiijuJj— n^ok S:c. bttv'ii!<r, by sp^Tepuion iind i?uccf'.^sive jihu^es, nttiiined 

 th.;t lV»rni iti 4, bnt stoj); «d ulan older se^reirutt'd one iti ii, wljilo u t>till oliiep 

 remained current MS 2 ill 7. lint iiisuiy ftieta I'onetu' to sho\r tbsjl li, lu 

 oripuiiTed in one distieut or grroup »nd tiuit it wa-* remveil n Hilistuniive 

 imme for 4 into other dialctrts whi« h reiainedor ijrqnireil older furm-rof 2, 

 Aniongst ihe.-^e wf need oidy iit|treHejit refVr to tlip tdniost nniieisul |»rf VH- 

 lence of tlu- 1, rf«trnj in 4, its retention of the laln:d prctix where 2 luni 7 

 have thtj yiitturalj and the tracer of an archaic labinl preiix in the unit 

 ■enes. 



Ti e frequent passage in the. Himaluic vocaTbuUirieH of tbe sibibiTit roots 

 of Cbine^Pi Scytbic, Chino-St ythic. and Him.daie it-elf', into litjnid!^, a]>- 



J^euiA to alTord tJie true eloe to the history of tlie nmueral 4. The ^ilji- 

 unt fornix, 1 now think, in act-ordance with my ifirpt oi»iniiui *, must be 

 rfitrardetl a^i the jininiiry ones ainl tbe iiqnid uti tbe ^^ecoutlary. All fho 

 Chinese rlijileefs )ueserve (he sibiliinf:, inTiliel tbe ijito the |i- 



(juid is il bust rated by tJie Thoebu zha and lioi'[i;ii Iba. The iSoiit lu-m 

 lornifi a(ij}e;ir, u'ifli n fev\' GXa'ption;*, to lie alt r*iferablt} to one dialect, 

 TJie first {Treat mi;.rrat ion must n!ivel}rou*.*ht the (umi pn-]\,hu-\\,b(t-U Sm. f 

 whicb heeaiiie Jill but univev^ialin the Soalli; audit'* Tiheum typo in the 

 pniiiary form i^ prenerverl in the Bbotian if/-ahyi. The bi-;h]y Uljoti^ed 

 Gyaruu'i' hrtAthr same form in 40,, bnt Uipiid as in fbe 8'iUtli,/)-li. A> Mie 

 identiticration of the (.'biiio-innuilait; 4 with tlie com. duni of '2, iiiul 7 

 was founded ou tlie by jnitbe.-^ifl that the sibilant forni was a niodificaiiou 

 of the liquid, 4 must now be coujsiilered a? iiivoivinir a se|»aj'ate root, for 

 the [miliary fbrai of the dual, tii-ok , ciumtn he drrived^froin .-i, zhyi, aba 

 ^cc. A'* the liuuiiJ elements in 8, foruievly cou>idereti la be"j in the -i lurni, 

 have been found to be forms* ot" the unit, it is tiut ^ttri^ tly nene.ssary, tor 

 tlic |>ur[H>seH of tbi* riecri m, ta pursue the einpjiry why tlie Ciiino-liiini- 

 hiic4 Inis a distinct root lV(»m 2. If si, ri, h of 4 were really a di,-*tu)ct 



• App. to eh vi *' Compnrative TuMe of Chinese and Tibeto-Ul- 

 traiiidian iniinerivl,'* " pji, C^^, C4. f^oB al^oSec. 4. 



f Or itfulder tbrm h'/-ln, from ii lihotian hti-zhyu. 

 I Uiiles4> the Luu soii^-^ muj^ be the duait;ruol, 



