138 GEOGRAPHICAL NOTES IN MALAYSIA AND ASIA, 



the most popular example of which i8 the pea-fowl of Java, found 

 also in Siam and Burmah, but not in the intervening islands."* 

 "Two species of jungle-fowl inhabit the island, one not known 

 further eastward than Sumbawa, the other supposed to l>e the 

 original stock of all domestic poultry. There is a peacock and 

 several species of partridge and quail, and some very beautiful 

 pigeons, pre-eminent among which is the mountain fruit-dove 

 (Fiilopus roseicollis), whose entire head and neck are of an 

 intense rosy pink, contrasting exquisitely with its otherwise 

 green plumage." 



The wild animals are very numerous, especially on the 

 lower slopes of the eastern end of Java. Tigers are dangerously 

 abundant there, as well as leopards and black panthers, the latter 

 being only a black variety of the leopard. The rhinoceros is 

 com in on on the marshy hinds at both sides of the island, there 

 being two species; but, strange to say, one of them (Rhinoceros 

 javanicus) is not found in other typical Malayan regions, though 

 it reappears in the Indo-Chinese countries. The elephant is 

 not wild, nor is it used as a beast of burden. As might be 

 expected in a country where beastB of prey are so numerous, 

 game is abundant too. There are many species of deer in the 

 woods, besides a wild ox and two species of wild swine. Monkeys 

 of several kinds are well represented, principally Gibbons, 

 Macaques, and Semnopitliecus. In the western and central parts 

 of the island crowds of the latter are seen passing from tree 

 to tree with gre.it rapidity, chattering as they subsist on the wild 

 fruits. The orang-utan, as already stated, is unknown. There is 

 a wild dog, as in the Malay Peninsula, probably tlie same species; 

 and a fruit-eating bat of large size, whose habits are scarcely 

 nocturnal, nor is it so gregarious as the species of flying-fox so 

 well known in Australia. 



*I take these facts generally from the Dutch naturalists as given by 

 Wallace in his '* Geographical Distribution of Animals," Vol. I., p. 349. 

 Being no sportsman, my knowledge of the avi fauna of Java is entirely 

 derived from books and museums, but I regret to add there were no public 

 collections in Java up to 1875. 



