BY THE REV. J. E. TEM8ON-W00DS. 



117 



blende andesite, claystone, pyrolusite, aTid brown coal. Possibly 

 these beds may be the equivalents of the tertiary coal deposits 

 and eocene nuniniuHtic limestones of west Sumatra. 



Due north of Suracata is the Japara peninsula, on the coast 

 which forms the most northerly portion of the centre of the 

 island. This is entirely due to the large volcano of Murija, 

 about 5,000 feet above sea level, separated from the range already 

 described (which 1 distinguish as the Ngawi Range) by the valley 

 of the river Tanggul Angin and its tributaries. The main stream 

 empties itself on the west side of the peninsula. The coast slopes 

 away S.S.W. from the mouth of this river to the city of Samarang. 

 The intermediate country is formed of alluvial deposits from the 

 somewhat important rivers Demak, Bujaran, and Agung-bajo. 

 Samarang is the capital of one of the finest provinces of Java, 

 with an area of about 1,425 square miles. It is densely populated, 

 perhaps the most thickly populated of any portion of Java or the 

 Indian Archipelago, including the Philippine Islands. The moat 

 of the inhabitants are Javanese, with about 30,000 Chinese and 

 their mixed descendants, and 5,000 Arabs and other nationalities, 

 amongst which there are a majority of natives of Celebes. It is a 

 town which seemed to me next in importance to Surabaya, but 

 far more attractive in appearance, as the streets are wider, more 

 cleanly, and boast of much better buildings. The country around 

 is also much more attractive. There is a pliocene formation with 

 fossils in the province, and also a brown coal of which I saw 

 specimens, though 1 did not visit the locality. 



West of a line drawn north and south from Samarang the island 

 narrows again, but not quite to such restricted limits as in the 

 district of Besuki. The country has physical features which are 

 easily described. It is one mass of small volcanoes mingled with 

 the large peaks of Jeremai (9,500 ieet), Slamet (over 10,000 

 feet), and Jakurag (about 9,200 feet). Of this part of the country 

 I know nothing from personal inspection, except along the coast. 

 There are three large seaports on the north coast, namely, Peka- 

 longan, Tagal and Cheribou, about 50 miles apart ; Pekalougan 



