90 



GEOGRAPHICAL SOT US IN MALAYSIA AND ASIA, 



and Besuki, formerly separate kingdoms. Here there is a govern- 

 ment bungalow, and the traveller can be provided with rest and 

 refreshment by the chief of the village. The country around 

 alxnmds with game, especially deer, wild-boars, and pheasants. 

 Travellers are waited upon by villagers summoned by the chief 

 of the village, who provides them with everything necessary at a 

 regulated tariff. This interesting locality with its people would 

 well deserve a more lengthened description, but in this essay space 

 renders it necessary to con tine details to physical geography, 

 geology, and natural history. 



The government road between Banj uwangi and Baj ul Mati is, 

 as already stated, along the sea coast, deviating very slightly to- 

 the west of north. But after crossing the river it turns to the 

 north-west to skirt round the small volcano which lies due north, 

 and forma the promontory of Cape Sedano, the north-easterly end 

 of eastern Java. This is Mount Baluran, an extinct crater 4,100 

 feet above the level of the sea. It is a long horse-shoe-shaped 

 crater, densely clothed with jungle, open to the norih-eastern side, 

 and giving an outlet to a narrow stream about 5 miles long, 

 which takes its origin in the inside slopes. With regard to this 

 crater, I could not obtain any information as to its recent 

 activity or otherwise. The Dutch can only be said to have 

 settled in this part of the country since the commencement of 

 this century, during which time Mount Baluran has not giveif 

 the slightest signs of disturbance. / 



Mount Baluran.— Our road now lay across the rugged slope*, 

 of ash and lava streams between Mount Ijen and Mount Baluran, 

 The distance to the neat village named Suinbor Waru is 15 miles. 

 The road is not made: there is in fact no more than an open 

 track without boundaries or hedges, covered with a scanty 

 vegetation on the barren stony ridges of teak, Tectona (jrandis, 

 L. f. j Acacia Jarnesiana t Willd. ; Lantana camara, L. ; and 

 large trees of Borassus Jlabelli/'ortms, L. ; and this is the vegeta- 

 tion on the stony volcanic soils throughout the Indian Archi- 

 pelago and the Philippine Islands. This barren region ia 



