40 N. J. MosQuiTO' Extermination Association 



Creek and Penhorn Creek, which are connected and which empty 

 into the Hackensack River on both endte, forming, I might say, 

 a large horse-shoe in shape, in which creeks a vast amount of 

 sewage is dumped between both outlets. The tide entering as it 

 does from both ends backs the sewage to one point in the middle. 

 Notwithstanding the fact that the tides are continually rising 

 and falling in these creeks, we find that pipiens continually breed 

 in these sewage-polluted sections thereof and are absent entirely 

 at both outlets of the creek where killies circulate at each rising 

 tide. 



''These conditions convince me that sewage is very attractive 

 to pipiens, inasmuch as they breed in this stream, which is never 

 tranquil, but continually rising and falling with each tide. 



''So far as commercial wastes are concerned, I have had some 

 experience and find that though it drives away killies, pipiens and 

 syhestris breed very prolifically therein. The remedies em- 

 ployed, of course, as you know, are frequent trimming of the 

 banks of open sewers and the liberal use of crude oil. Sewage- 

 polluted meadow pools I find more troublesome than fresh or 

 salt water, for the reason that pipiens appear in the sewage pools 

 much sooner after the oil treatment than they do in the fresh 

 or salt-water pools. 



"It is of some personal interest to me to note that in the 

 different degrees of pollution described in the reports of in- 

 vestigations of this problem, the conditions are essentially repro- 

 duced in an extraordinary degree in the Passaic River, through 

 the Passaic Valley from the Great Falls at Paterson to Newark 

 Bay. 



"In the report of Mr. Allen Hazen, C. E., made in 1906, on 

 the question of sewage disposal for Paterson, the following note 

 is made : 'When the Chicago River was purified it was con- 

 sidered the worst-polluted river in the country. That river, at its 

 worst, was a mixture of one part of sewage to four parts of 

 water. In periods of low fresh-water flow, the Passaic River is 

 one vast cesspool, containing at times 1,000,000,000 gallons of 

 sewage to 2,400,000,000 gallons of water, making the proportion 

 of sewage to water as i is to 2.4. This pollution is also greatly 

 aggravated by the fact that the sewage remains in the Passaic, 



