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N. J. Mosquito Extermination Association 



grebel in 191 6, in which he shows that an attempt at drainage of a 

 salt marsh at Siboga on the west coast, which was only partially 

 done, resulted in the establishment of admirable breeding places for 

 a mosquito carrier of malignant tertian malaria. This observa- 

 tion points out the danger of only partly draining a marsh. 



In Egypt, Balfour continued to report the results of the excellent 

 work at Khartoum, and Christophers and Chand have reported upon 

 the study of the Anopheles mosquitoes of Aden, Muscat and lower 

 Mesopotamia. 



In the rest of Africa, the mosquitoes of British Somahland, of the 

 Belgian Congo, and of portions of French West Africa (notably ai 

 Bassam on the Ivory Coast) have been studied and remedial work, 

 especially at the latter locality, has been carried on. In British West 

 Africa some very valuable work has been done by Macfie and In- 

 gram, especially on the biology of the mosquitoes of the Gold Coast, 

 where they arrive at conclusions similar to those which we in this 

 country and Galli-Valerio and Rochaz de Jongh in Italy have reach- 

 ed concerning the extraordinary variety of habits and breeding 

 places to be taken into consideration in remedial work. In the 

 Transvaal, drainage and oiling have been done in several localities, 

 notably at Messina. In Zanzibar, the larger swamps about the town 

 have been drained and the smaller pools have been oiled ; traps have 

 been used for concentrating the larvae where they can be easily 

 destroyed — a very practical and important point. In Gambia, Orpen 

 has studied the reduction of the malarial mosquito breeding grounds 

 around Bathurst. It should be noted that one fatal case of yellow 

 fever occurred at Bathurst in 1916. (In 1913, 38 cases of yellow^ 

 fever occurred at Lagos). In Madagascar, Legendre as early as 

 1 91 4 studied the question of malaria and malarial mosquitoes. 



We have already mentioned the taxonomic publications of Taylor 

 and Ferguson in Australia, and it should also be mentioned that anti- 

 malaria measures about mining camps in northern Australia were be- 

 gun as early as ten years ago. In 191 5, Cumpston made a mosquito 

 survey of the coastal towns of northern Queensland regarding the 

 possibility of yellow fever in Australia, since the yellow-fever mos- 

 quito occurs there, and in 191 7 Hill published a long report on the 

 mosquitoes of northern Australia. In the same year Taylor pub- 

 lished an elaborate bulletin with maps and plans of a malaria mos- 

 quito survey of the navigation areas in the Murray River district. 



In New Zealand, Kirk has made elaborate experiments with lar- 



