Proceedings of Seventh Annual Meeting 21 



vicides, and in the Pacific islands of Gilbert and Ellice mosquitoes 

 and their control have been studied by O'Reilly. 



Owing to the disturbed conditions in Mexico, we have heard little 

 of the operations of the Superior Board of Health for a number 

 of years. The president of the Board, under Diaz and later under 

 Madero, Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, was a very enlightened man and 

 was keen on the control of the yellow fever and malarial mosquitoes 

 and established a fairly competent service with this end in view, 

 while the biology of Mexican mosquitoes was studied by the late 

 Alfredo Duges down to the time of his death and has recently been 

 taken up by the Director of Biological Studies under the Carranza 

 government. Prof. A. L. Herrera. In 191 5, however. Colonel 

 Wrightson of the United States Army conducted some experiments 

 at Tampico with crude oil, finding it hardly as efficacious as a larvi- 

 cide consisting of 150 gallons of crude carbolic acid, 200 pounds of 

 powdered resin, 30 pounds of caustic soda, and 6 gallons of water. 



In Brazil, the efiforts of the famous Instituto Oswaldo Cruz have 

 been devoted largely to the extermination of the yellow-fever mos- 

 quito and the study of malarial forms. An interesting and impor- 

 tant paper has been published by Da Costa Lima on the biology of 

 Brazilian mosquitoes. Elsewhere in South America, notably at 

 Guayaquil, Ecuador, there has been much cleaning up of yellow 

 fever, and the statement is authoritatively made that yellow fever 

 is now practically wiped out. 



In the British West Indies a good deal of work has been done. 

 In the Bahamas, remedial work has been carried out against the 

 domestic mosquitoes around Nassau and Grantstown. Neish has 

 published studies on the malarial mosquitoes of Jamaica, and Urich 

 on the mosquitoes of Trinidad. Siler, of the United States Army, 

 studied the mosquito-control work in Jamaica, which consisted of 

 draining and oiling and which has been undertaken in diflferent 

 parts of the island, but found that no systematic ef¥ort on a large 

 scale has been carried out, since the dense undergrowth, the large 

 banana estates and the abundance of water make this type of work 

 prohibitive under prevailing economic conditions. 



In Europe, the main work prior to the outbreak of the war was 

 done in Italy, and with the results of that work, largely under Vhe 

 direction of Angela Celli, every one is familiar. It is true that Ger- 

 many, before the outbreak of the war, is known to have instituted 

 mosquito campaigns in the rural villages and that in Austria the 



