slightly higher in pitch than the second (and third). These introductory notes 

 are followed "by a long, clear, loud, and rather melodious Whistle. A typical 

 Whistle might be transcribed as "Wheeeeeooooo 11 . It usually begins at a high 

 pitch and then descends steadily, or begins moderately high, ascends briefly, and 

 then descends. The Whistle is followed by a Battle, usually or always longer 

 than the Rattles during Dawn Calling. This ends the performance. 



The whole series of notes can be represented in diagrammatic form as 

 follows! 



Performances of this type apparently are uttered only by single or isolated 

 birds, unmated or separated from their mates, during the breeding season. They 

 probably are "true" songs , as the term is used in this series of papers. They 

 probably attract individuals of the opposite sex and repell other individuals 

 of the same sex. I was not able to prove this conclusively (because there were 

 no overt reactions between neighbors or rivals); but the evidence , such as it is, 

 is highly suggestive. Certainly, a bird uttering these patterns is usually 

 joined by its mate (or a potential mate) sooner or later. frBaiMMHp«**lMMa » 

 : ri li rT llArtlli ^ And the form of the various notes would suggest that the motivation 

 of the performance as a whole is ambivalent in the way that would be expected 

 of true song. Rattles appear to be purely or predominantly hostile in all 

 related species in which it has been possible to analyze their motivation. 

 The »Duh H Uotes seem to be related to hostile patterns of Buff- throated Saltators 

 (see below). The Whistles, on the other hand, may be largely or completely 

 sexual. Almost all the patterns of related species which are equally clear in 

 tone, without any hoarseness or harshness or any trace of rattling, are known 

 to be produced by sexual and/or other "friendly" tendencies. 



Streaked Saltators tend to utter these patterns most frequently during 

 the middle part of the morning, after Dawn Calling has ceased, and may continue 



