Coast Changes in the North of England. 



Point and Spurn Head the records are complete, and the 

 following may be taken as a general summary : — 



Between Filey Point and Flamborough Head the coast-line 

 is practically stationary, except in Filey Bay, from Filey Brig to 

 the King and Queen Rocks at Speeton, w^here the average loss 

 for some twenty-eight years is about three feet per annum. On 

 the southern side of Flamborough Head the rate of erosion is 

 about the same. The tow^n of Filey is protected by a sea-wall. 

 No groynes exist at Speeton, and shingle and sand are being 

 constantly removed during the winter months ; but on the 

 southern side of Flamborough Head (at Sands Road) one groyn 

 has been built which retains the beach sufficiently to enable 

 carts to get down to and to remove the sand. This loss is 

 stated to have no apparent effect. At Bridlington Quay parades 

 and a sea-wall prevent subsidence to the north and south of 

 Bridlington Harbour, where there was formerly an annual loss 

 of about six feet. Piles are driven in close to the sea-wall, and 

 groynes prevent the scour of the beach and retard the travellings 

 sand and shingle. To the north of Wilsthorpe Gap groynes 

 protect the beach, but do not prevent subsidence of the cliff. 

 At Flamborough Head, Bridlington Bay, freshwater springs 

 cause the initial slipping of the cliff. The Divisional Officer, 

 w^riting" from Bridlington Quay concerning the coast from 3^ 

 miles north of Filey Brig to Gimston Garth, 9 miles south of 

 Hornsea, states that shingle, sand, and stones, are removed 

 from most places, except from Atwick Gap to Garton Gap, 

 where the beach is protected by order of the Board of Trade. 

 Along this coast, from Bridlington Quay to Spurn Head, prac- 

 tically the whole coast is receding at the average rate of six feet 

 per annum, where not especially protected as in Bridlington 

 Harbour. 



Groynes exist at Hornsea, both to the north and south of 

 the village, and keep the shingle in place ; elsewhere the loss 

 appears to be between three and four feet per annum. At 

 Withernsea groynes in a bad state of repair are placed 100 

 yards apart, but the average annual loss is nine feet per annum ; 

 shingle is not removed. At Sandlemere and Hompton an annual 

 loss of nine feet per annum is also recorded. 



From Kilnsea Warren to Spurn Point, a distance of 4 miles, 

 g-roynes retain and build up a good beach ; nevertheless the 

 annual loss is given as six feet. Three observations of definite 

 change witnessed have been supplied on Form H. The first 

 relates to a large fall of clay in June 1899 Pampletine Cliff, 



Naturalist^ 



