Coast Changes in the North of England. 



51 



Filey. The mass was 60 yards in leng-th by nine yards in 

 breadth, having- a depth of some 100 feet. Such slips, which 

 are not uncommon, are produced not merely by the encroach- 

 ment of the sea, but also through heavy rains and springs. At 

 Ulrome (between Hornby Runnell and Atwick) about 15 feet of 

 cliff disappeared in 1899 ; the average annual rate is estimated 

 at six feet. The cause is locally attributed to the scarcity of 

 sand at the base of the cliff ; and it is noted that the loss is 

 greatest where the cliffs are highest. 



An undated report (probably 1899-1900) from Kilnsea records 

 a very rapid loss of land. In two months these slips reached 

 the extent of 50 yards inland and 100 yards in length, and 

 occurred at intervals along some five miles of coast. Additional 

 information, received in July 1903, from Withernsea states that 

 a large quantity of cliff has been washed away since 1899 or 

 1900 from Wareholme [Waxholme ?], Garton, and Dimlington. 



The shingle is not removed from Hornsea to Kilnsea. 



The Humber Estuary. — The records for the ' Estuary of 

 the Humber ' are also fairly complete up to and beyond Barton. 

 On the northern bank Cherry Cob Sands and Sunk Island Sands 

 show slight gains, due to the building of five chalk-stone groynes. 

 On the southern bank the more northerly part of Cleethorpes 

 shows some gain : it is protected by a sea-wall and groynes. 

 Also at Tetney Haven, to the south of Cleethorpes, sediment is 

 deposited upon the foreshore for an area of some 2^ miles in 

 length and mile in width at spring tides. The observations 

 extend as far south as Northcotes jPoint. The low and muddy 

 shores of Marfleet and Paull, on the northern bank, show no 

 change, but variable erosion is reported from Barton and Killing- 

 holme, where the shore is unprotected, and on the southern 

 shore of Cleethorpes through heavy gales. Nearly all the 

 southern bank of the estuary is protected by sea-walls or 

 groynes. At Killingholme the clay banks, their summits six 

 or eight feet above the beach, are covered, more or less com- 

 pletely, by an apron of chalk and ironstone. A shingle bank is 

 said to be accumulating on the northern shore of South Killing-- 

 holme Haven, and a large sandbank in the river between North 

 Ferriby and Hessle. In the neighbourhood of Ferriby Hall, 

 Barton Cliff, and Barton Ness (Barton-on-Humber) the recorded 

 loss is from four to six feet in two and a half years. Small 

 groynes have been built from the rifle butts (3 miles west of 

 Hull) to North Ferriby, but are said to have no effect upon the 

 beach. Docks and piers occupy part of the bank between 



1904 February i. 



