342 A NATURALIST* S WANDEBINOa 



depends Dssentially on the length of tho tempoml ropon, and ia the 



Eermaneiit ri'tention of a childlike character dolichocephall.v; bciiiK ^Inc, 

 e haa shown, to a relative develoiiment of Iwnes which varies with age. 

 It Is csficntialiy occipital in the infant, temporal in the child, and frmtal 

 in the adult nmn. 



The fonn of tho foramen viagmtm Tarios considerably, being in Bomo 

 elongated antero-postcriorly, in others atmtwst cirenlar. 



Gmtthk Judex.— On an average the naalo Bkiills are mosognathons 

 (haying an index between 98 and 103); the braehyepplialic. females 

 Tielong to the same group. Considerable variety is exhibited individually 

 by the male Bkulls, one lieing prognathous and another orthognathons ; 

 the same variability in not exhibited by the females, all of them being 

 mesognathous. Tho iloUeliocephalic female is prognathous, 



Mfdar Ilt iyht, — The rlevolopment of tho malar lionefl is usually some- 

 what greater in the Ijrachy cephalic pkulls than in Euroi)eanw, Imt consi- 

 derable iudividnal variety isobservable which confirms tho observations of 

 Mr. Forl>es on living natives. Tho roalars are Email in the dolielio^-ophalic 

 female. The depression on the malar process of the maxilla or nmxillo- 

 malar notch, observed by Professor Flower to lio present in the Fijians, 

 may here be seen in tho skulls where the malars are most strongly 

 develojied. 



The Orhifs.—The fortu of the orbits varies considerably, some being 

 wider in proportion to the heigltt than others; but the averages show 

 lx>th sexes ia l>o niesosenie (index from 83 to 89). 



The Naml Index, — The form of the nasal aperture presents a certain 

 degree of variation, the index varying from 48-1 to 55-8 in tho brachy- 

 cephalic males, and in the females of that class from 49 to 60-5, the averages 

 of the former Ixjing 52 and of the latter 55'3. The avcmge index of tho 

 Tnakfi places them at the platyrbinc end of the mesorhiuo group (between 

 48 and 53), while the females arc just within tlic platjThino class (above 

 53), Two males and three females are mesorhinc, and two males and 

 two females are plalyrhine. The dolichooephalic skull is mesorhine. 



The Fdfial fi}if/k formed by tho meeting of the alveolar point of the 

 ophryo-alveolar face-line and the auriculo-aiveolar base line averages 70° 

 in the males, and nearly GS"* in the females. As differences of opinion 

 may exist as to the value of the angle taken in this way I have added the 

 nasi-alvcotar length as well as the basi-nasal and basi-alveolar measure- 

 meats. With these three measiiremeiits the relation of the alveolar point 

 to tho cranio-fftcial axis of Huxley, or basi-nasat lino upon which the 

 angle of gnathisra depends, can eai^ily be calculated, and the facia! angle 

 thus forme<l aptly compared with the gnathic index. A further reason for 

 the nasi-alveolar lengtli fintlinga place in the tahle is that some anato- 

 mist'*, without gootl reason, consider it to be preferable to the ophryo- 

 alveolar length lis the measurement of facial height, owing to its being 

 more definite than the latter. 



lieffioiHtl chira'terii of the cmniul portian. — The glabella is feebly 

 develope*! in Iwth sexes, lieing rcpreFented by 'Nott. O'l of Broca's des- 

 criptive out ines, except in one of tho females in whom it equals No. 2, 

 The superciliary ridges arc likewise feebly marked, the rebciug usually 

 oidy a slight 1h>R8 projecting olilirjucly upwards and outvvards from the 

 glalieila, hut not extending any distance over tho orbits. The forehead 

 rwedes slightly, but the degree of recession varies somewhat, being more 

 marke*! in two brnrhyccphalic females than in any of the others ; while 

 in the rioHrhocephalic females it is the most pcrj>endicular. Trtbera are 

 well marked on the parietal l:»0De8 of the young male sknll, and are 

 aJ?sociated with a narrow liaso, ag is seen by the bi-auricular breadth 



