IN TJMOE'LAUZ 



343 



beiuf? less than that of any of the other nmles. Tliese conditions are 

 usually concomitant, as was shown l>y Professor Wiesliachj and are 

 iiKlicadons of a sbult not haviu)^ attained it.s full development, as in this 

 case, or of the permanent rrteution of a child-like character when-occurr- 

 ing in the fidly adult skull, aa is not nnmranion in women. Epiteric 

 tones are present in three of the female crania, Nos. 1, 7, and 9. In the 

 male Kkull No. 10 the squamosals articulate with the frontal, the altn 

 sjjlienoid not intervening hetweeu them, as is ustmdly the case. The 

 zyjiomatic arches can l>o seen in most instances projecting beyond the 

 outline of the cranium in the frou to-parietal region — that is to say, tho 

 skill k arc usually phaanozygous, thongh more so in some cases than in 

 others. In order to e.st»mato the amount of zygomatic projection, or 

 the Ttilation of the maximum cranio-facial breatlth to the ut)nto-i>arietaI 

 i>rt;a<ith at tho stephaniou, Topinar(l has sup^jested the formation of an 

 index from tho bi-zygoinatie and bi-stephanie breadths, in place of the 

 aTiir'e of Quatrefages, which can only be mejtsured by means of a compli- 

 . It .! goniometer. Taking the former breadth as IfK), I find that the bi- 

 z.vp Stephanie index of the braehycephalic male skulls averages 87 "6, and 

 of tho female 87 4:, and of the dolichocephalic female 



Ill order to compare these averagres with those of other races, I have 

 worked this out in the series of Andaraanese skulls and of Fijians pub- 

 lished l*y Profes!.sor Flower in tho vohimcs of the "Journal of tho 

 Aiithroixilogical Institute *' for 1879 and 1S80, and the following are tho 

 rcaulta obtained :— 



Bi'Zfjgostephanic Index. 



Andamnnege , . 12 malt s, 88 ■ 3 ; 12 female^, 91 • 5. 

 Tunnr-laut 3 „ 87'fi: 5 „ 87'4. 



Fijian 0 „ 80 -f; 5 „ 85-5. 



Before its value can be rightly eistimated it will require to be worked 

 out in a much more extended series. It may be stated, however, that 

 crania with a bi-zygostephauic inde:i of under 90 are phtenozygna. The 

 development of tlie inton m usually represented by Broca's descriptive 

 figures 1 or 2. Thoiigli not very prominent the inion and the inner or mesial 

 extremities of the superior curved lines are well developed and rugged, a 

 condition to which, Professor Thane kindly rennmled me, Professor Ecker 

 lias attributed considerable importance as being indicative of a simian 

 character, these ridges being tne representative in man of the crests so 

 welt marked in the sknll of the orang-onton and other antbropomorphoua 

 apes. The stitures are, a** a rule, simple, varying in tho series from 1 to 

 3 of Broca 8 numbers, both in regard to complexity and degree of oblite- 

 ration. In the dolichocephalic female the frontal suture is raotopic 

 (see p. 345), but in none of the other skulls does this condition obtain. 

 The wormian bones are small in most in.stances, AH the braehycephalic 

 skulls of Iwtli sexes exhibit more or less tlattening in the occipital or 

 parieto-occipital region, such as would be prcKlnced by laying an infant, 

 without any soft material under tho head, in a cradle, like that exhibited 

 here by Mr. Forljes from Timor-laut. Tho doJichocephalic female and 

 child's skulls show no sign of flattening. The basilar suture is entirely 

 obhtcrated in all instances except in the yonth; no abnormality is to be 

 observed in any ca.se in the under surface of the tianimn. 



Efsjiouai dmractera of facial portioiu — In most instances the face has a 

 flat apiMjaranc^. Tho axCvS of tho orbits are in some instances more 

 horizontal than in otiiers. Tho inter-orbital portion, though not showing 

 grejit variation in actual width, differs in form on account of the projec- 

 tion of the nasal bones being greater, and the ascending process of the 



