The Siamese, however, who until 1821 had no 

 footing in the Peninsula to the southward of the 

 river Traang which lies in 7d. 20m. north, have 

 now extended their empire as far as Kedah in 

 6d. 6m. north. The Malays possess the coasts 

 oo either side from 7d, north to Point Romania, 

 either as independent states, tributaries, or sub- 

 jects* the interior parts to the noithward are 

 occmpied by the Patani race, whilst in a more 

 southerly direction, amongst the forests and chain 

 of hills in the interior^ the singular aborigines, 

 known by the name of Semang, are still to be met 

 With, altbongh gradually di^^appearing in propor- 

 tion to the inroads of ao increasing and compa- 

 ratively civilized population. The principal Ma- 

 layan states of the peninsula may be said to con- 

 sist of Kedab. Perak, Salengor/Malacca, Johol, 

 Sungei Ujong, Rumbowjohor, including Pahang 

 and Packanja, Tringano, Callantan, and Patani. 



In those rapid and numerous revolutions inci- 

 dent in some measure to all states, but more par- 

 ticularly to infant ones, these divisions have been 

 subject to various alterations of geographical Vi^ 

 mits and political influence ; and, as European 

 powers have acted a conspicuous part in the dra- 

 ma of the peninsula, it is impossible in a detaiK 

 ed account to omit the neighbouring s€ttlement& of 

 Java, Rhio, Singapore, and Prince of Walea* 

 Island, so far as they are found mixed up with 

 its affciirs* 



The original inhabitants of the peninsula, to 

 whom allusion has been already made under the 

 designationof Semangs, have been often treated 

 of by preceding authors, but by far the fullest 



