333 



which was introduced at Rhio on the lUh Sep- 

 tember 1622, regeinding the former regulations, 

 and fixing the import and export duties of Dutch 

 vessels at 1 per cent, and of foreign bot- 

 toms at 2 per cent. Previous to this period, 

 vessels clearing out from any Dutch port to ano* 

 ther Netherlands settlement, (from Java to lihio, 

 for instance), paid the same export duties at live 

 one, and import duties at the other as if both 

 the vessels and produce were foreign. The levy- 

 ing of export duties is always ruinous, and, Ja- 

 va and Rhio being constituent jKirtions of the 

 same government, the international impart du- 

 ties should have been very tight, in ofder by the 

 boon of a drawback, to encourage the growth of 

 commerce between these two ports^ the former 

 of which, as already observed, was the principal 

 mart for Rhio produce.* Now, with regard to 

 the export duties, a very high authority in poli- 

 tical economy asserts that ** it has been an uni- 

 versal principle of modern taxation that duties 

 are to be levied only on articles imported, and 

 not on those which are exported. This principle 

 is sound. The taxes imposed by any communi- 

 ty, ought to fall upon its own members, and not 

 upon those of other comratmities. To attempt 

 acting otherwise would be, not only unjust, but 

 impolitic. These articles of produce and manu- 

 facture, on which the expK>rt doty was imposed 

 would not, in the general market of the world, 



* " Commerce ia of ihrec kind^ : the homfl trade, th* foreif^ trade^ 

 iod tlie carrying irtde. The horae trode is of nU otheri ttie mm actvau- 

 ta|reQiu. In the exchaD^e, whtdi tukeji pkce both the com modi ties, 

 «riiO!»' vi.lue b rai^iectf belong Ihe «ainc cociuti'y, aufJ eoDt(«qiieiufy & 

 d&ublc t>«aefit accniea ta the: society. Thu r£!ttiriis, a1si>, of audi a coni- 

 tDcrce are niucb more <{uick. VI ith tLe Bame capital, theretbrv, a muck: 

 fcetl^r anttib«r of traiuictiom ^lU take plac« la a ^vea time". 



T^1 



