33 



EASTERN GEOGRAPHY, 



The Gni'i.'i'iiHji-nt r.f I'lilirnifj is prfti'tii-nlly nnU'i^'Uili'iit rvn>] mUlrnry. 

 It has nlwtty* looked to thr south, fomiorly to Johur, and of lat* years to 

 Singapore, tor f,u]»|n>i t imd ^rotectLmi, especially against Shim. Ihit the 

 I^'udnhfira, win* lnia m ently nssiimftl the titlt? _of Sultan, always exencutea 

 despotic jinwer within Ids jurisdiction. The revenue appears to be small, 

 the grvat national wealth p| the country being entirely uiiduvel«un -l. 

 Tliere are hut f t w t'liuicae sett bra, and the, trade ia uhiefly in the Ijjlil- ix nf 

 the nViMtalmra, 



Tin' loi.-a] historv isiilwiin-, (imi n|ipi-;trs tolmvrbivn mrrinly t oinvniril 

 with invasions mid Lh reals from Sinm. To ft great extent I'ulinug « i|n <l 

 the troubles from which Johor suffered through it* Portuguese and Dutch 

 neighbours, Unlike thn Malay Stairs, it has of late years been growing 

 mow rather than lew independent. The present mitt', that) »lyW Wen 

 Ahmed, obtained poKwssiun by force in 1362, when a treaty wii* made with 

 •I oh or under the snnetion of the Straits tiovpmuieiit. In virtue <■!' thin 

 trr-ity 1 1 it- hmj;.»lii.|ii]«e»l lumcuhiry wilh .1 nLsi>r nt river KiuIjui ss;is 

 settled ill lSrt» by ill if arliilralir>H nf tin- 15 lit (Hivenior r Tln.is vom 

 created MOM dcgiemUwce on the jwurt of fttans, tad on the MM of the 

 colonial Government some alligation of protection and recognition, 



4.— JOHOR, 



.lohnr (dehor), which Kince 1877 comprises Mc>ar t includes llio 

 whole of the southern end of the Peninsula, from 2° 40' N. lat. to 

 Cape Rumania, together with the adjacent Ldcte* It is surrounded 

 on three widen hy the sen, tlm Inlmd boundaries being Malacca, Jehol 

 Bud the river EmJuu towards Paining. Although the area must bo 

 nearly 9000 square miles, the population, chiefly agricultural, is 

 probably little over 100,000, mostly confined to the districts lying 

 near Singapore on the one aide and Malacca on the other* 



The interior^ still mainly under virgin forest, and hut partially 

 explored, in on the whole loss mountainous than any other part of 

 the Peninsula, The hilU form detached groups or portions of two 

 interrupted chain* running; along the west and cast aides, one from 

 Mount Uphir hy Penggalaim and Mount Formosa to Paid uud tha 

 (JariiuDTis grutip, llic other from the SogAmat Hills nnd Mount Janing 

 to the Blum lit ami neighbouring heights ln-von-.l Menhfdiak md 

 Panlh 



The Rlninut Hills (3.300 feet) are the chief mountain range, giving 

 rise to the river Johor flowing south, to the Sedlli flowing east, nnd 

 to the Kahang, which runs north to tho Semhrong, an affluent of the 

 Kriduu, Mount Ophir in Moar (4050 feet) is probably the highest 

 peuk in the State, and was long regarded as tlio highest in the 

 iVninsula. Its shape and position near the aea are remarkable, utid 

 although it gives rise to no largo rivers, two of iis at renin a, the 

 Chohong mid tloinns, have some importance as forming the northern 

 frontiers of Johor towards Malacca and Johol, Ophir was so named 



