£0 



EASTERN OROGRAPHY. 



It is bounded to the south by TronggAiiu, tlie river Bvmt separat- 

 ing Ibettu It km (he States of Reman, Pernk, and I'nhang to the 

 woet, the eastern ridge of tli« peninsular chain being ooittidered 

 the boundary. The interior is believed to" have a great extent of 

 open country, traversed by the long but tduillow river Kfdaniun 

 and its tributaries, ■which, like the river Fatfriij flow north. Here 

 there is grown an immense 'iiiantity of rice, some of which is 

 exported to Singapore ; cattle also are kept in large herds. 



The town of Kehmtan Ijt si hiatal near the dvw'fl mouth, ami is a large 

 and iUmriHliLii-: iclnui'tit w ith considerable truth'. Jt.i population ii said 

 to bp avor 20,01)0 ; and lint of the whole statu h estimated by the natives 

 at 600,1100,, and on goad nuihority oh high as 200,000. 



Its mineral resources comprise tin and K«!d. Even bo far hook as 1 S3 7 

 it stated that :5iii.n> |.ikuls ml' tin wore exported annually, end that 

 Ki'lnntan •J.i'Vi, r>-\\ tit Hint nil' ]';diaiifj 3 was tin.- tm'wt iv'.-i.ri:.d :uu<m^ 

 Mulovs. Lead is also supposed to exist Much pepper and other articles 

 of export ore also cultivated hero by the t'Liru^r, and a good deal nf 

 jungle produce U collected- The principal trade hi with Singapore, and is 

 jnamly conducted by the Chinese during the south-west mommou. 



Kehmtan ht known to have existed u an integral State at the close of 

 the 15th century and before the arrival of thu Portuguese ; and in the 

 Mithiy Annals it i* specialty stated that during the time of Mahmud JL, 

 of Malacca, A.n. M77, KulanUn wo* a kingdom "more powerful than 

 that of Fatdui." Like Tren.Kgunu t Kedah, and Patilni,. it hux, from time 

 immemorial, been harassed by the demands of Siaiu ; and, weanling to 

 the official statement of Mr. Anderson, Political Agent in 1825, it 

 repeatedly solicited, in the early days of Piuang, thu protection of the 

 British tiovornniont and the establishment of an KnglLsli factory, offering 

 very considerable advantages* It has never submitted to Siam further 

 ih.iu '.h:vt r all ho ugh practically under its own Malay lioja, it Las made a 

 customary aekiurtvledgment of iufi-rwrily by ]tj iodkally fending \u 

 Batigkok a tributary token called " the gold flower." 



In 1832, tin; chief of Pntani, upon the invasion of his country by 

 SLutt, fled to KOUntan, but was delivered up to the Siatuusc Pruklawj. 

 who repeatedly summoned the Raja of Kelantan into Ins presence. With 

 these mandates the Malay chief did not deuiu it pruduut to comply, but 

 was eventually compelled, it is said, to propitiate hid Aw, by a jnrg.j 

 present of specie and gold dust Ncwtiuld pointed iuil at thu limn (hat 

 this was a violation of the 12th Artielo of Major Hartley's treaty of 

 188$, which stipulate* that "Siam Khali not go and olustruct or l atttT J Up t 

 commerce in the .States of Trenugumi and Kelantan. English merchants 

 and frtibjeets shall have tradn mid intercom"!*^ in future, wilh the same 

 facility and freedom an they have heretofore hail ; and the Englrdi shall 

 not nii'l ninli'V,, :ilt:ii;k, a i id diiturh ihiiBi: State* uji'ijj any pretence 

 whatever." "What little trade and intercourse now oxint have pulsed 

 from (he hands of En^lLih un'trehauta to those of Chim^u and uativi< 

 traJenj. 



TrflrnggAnn U situateil at the widest part of the Peniunnln, 

 between b u 40' and 4* N. T and has ait area of under 4000 

 miles, with u population of 20,000. TfflBggAnu ha 1 ?, for sonic titno 



