'2 



i: v-:n:i:x c;f igrapeiV. 



in a linn withllio n .n: i i -.-i l l1 ;lxlsi nml forming 11 distinct water-parting 

 between the streams flowing east unci went to the surrounding seas. 

 The western range continues unbroken from the interior of Ksdah 

 \fi c X.) tu i hi. 1 iiiti-riur ui" MhW'cji N.\ reappearing nt intervals 

 further smith in Jolior and even in the insular peaks beyond. The 

 central upland region in nkirted on either side by 3 outlying eoasllands 

 of varying breadth and of recent formation, which alone arc cultivated 

 and inhabited by settled populations. 



The height of the main central range Increases towards tltc wider 

 parts of the Penainulii, culminating in Kedah and Perak, where 

 several peak* are known \>> Tang'" from Fj*)\.H\ to S'KlO tow as id 14 .w:i.r.ls r 

 The principal summits,, some of which have been ascended in recent 

 yearn > are Mount Robinson or Rlam (ahout ftOOO feet) in south 1'cmk ; 

 Titi Wangsa (t>H40) between Kcdah and Perak; Ulu Tempting 

 (o435) and Bubo (5650} near the right anil left banks of the Perak 

 rh • r i - 1- .'lively : tin* Slim range ( GU00 lo«000) in south -runt P-ruk : 

 Chimhera* (5G50) in Solirigor; Beremhuii (abmit [olio) in Sijrg'-i 

 Ujong; Ledang, or Ophir (d h i00) in Jolmr, until rwnify Kupp.-m-.t 

 to be the highest point in the Peninsula J Glumut (3200) in south 

 Johor, at tltc source of the river Juhor. 



East of the central range, and many miles inland from Perak, on 

 the east side of the river Piilmmr, near the west frontier of Tringgflnu 

 and Kelan ta u , stretches the still unexplored Tahan chain, which was 

 described in 1876 by the traveller Mrklukho-Maclay as the loftiest 

 crest in the whole Peninsula. Hecent information tends to confirm 

 this view, and it now seems probable that the highest of the peaks 

 exceeds IQ^m feet 



Apart from tltc law dying nnaatlamls, which vary in breadth from 10 to 

 25 mhVfl, this wliolu jH'iuiwula is broken and hilly, and o very where covered 

 with dense foroittN. Th*? formation in mainly granitic, traversed by veins of 

 Htauninmiua rptarLz, and overlaid by sandstone, anfoasilised clay skies, 

 |jiU*ritu or in>oHtnm>, rujil in n few place*, principally towards the north, by 

 linu-Ktoiiuv Although no tmci' has been found of" recent volcanic action, 

 thin* are several isolated and uiMratinVd limeitone inns*.-* frrjui .1U(I tn.2u0o 

 fcut high ..fa highly crystallised diameter with no fossils of any kind. 



Mineral Wealth. — The most remarkable geological feature ia 

 the prevalence of tin, in some, places associated with gold and galena. 

 The tin occurs throughout the Peninsula, reaching ns far north rm 

 Tavoi (U D N.) in British Burma, and aa fur south as the f'nriuions 

 (Kerimun) and Ungga on the equator, and after a break of about 140 

 miles reappearing in Bankannd Billiton inlands (3 a S t ), Where it lias 

 been observed in afrit, the bed of the ore, which occurs nuwhere else 

 in the Eastern Archipelago, is the cpaartZj which is found pt:uetra<ir>g 



