IS DO-CHINA. 



largest and most ffnnrUhing place in the interior, comprising an inner and 

 outi-r town, each with woarato fortiJkjit bon, and a total population of pro- 

 bably ovfr 100,000. Like Raheng, it U derailed to become a great centre 

 of railway traffic in the near future. 



Historical JTotes.— Sinni appears to have no place in recorded 

 history prior to a,D. 63R, and the authentic annuls date only from 

 the foundation of Ayuthia, the old capital, in 1350. The 15 rut notice 

 of tin? eomilry by European wriiiT-- n.-.-nr'- in hii ;irrount nf an uvi-r- 



limit expedition uvrninM M:i]il'.<-;l in 1'iWl. hi ]fill! :lh lln^lt-!i *\u\t 



moulded the Metmm S9 far w Ayuthia, and eight years afterwards 

 the Porttlgttepe sent thither thoir first nnasionariea. 



In 1(583 CiniflJiiiliiie I'hulcou, n I VpliidniiiiLii Gns-k, became, 

 prime mini kUt, rind inlmdilced wine know ledge of European culture. 

 3 1 til mil emba^iei-. wvre rXrluiMi£<-"l at thb | - 1- i ■ - 1 l.i-; vv.-.-si S.jii atnl 



France, Lotus XIV. ending in L08A the celebrated M. de hi Louhere, to 

 whom we are indebted fur n graphic description of the country, lint 

 the expul^iuti of the French in WJQ was folh»wi-d by a b'tij* prriud 

 of civil Hlrifa and disustrous foreign wars, during which Aluiupra, 

 founder of the lute, liunrie&e dynasty, seized Marts but, Tavoy, and 

 Mergui, and overrun I he whole Men run hiudn. Tht loss tit the 

 Tenasscrun province? in 1759 wan, however, compensated early in 

 the present century by llie extend in nf Siamese rub' <.ver :i lur^e 

 portion of Cambnja and tlie north Malay Stales of Ivedah, Patitlii 

 Ligor, nnd Kelnntan* 



About tlio middle of tlio eighteenth century a Chinese mandarin 

 8(icci'pc)eJ by hrilit-'H in obtaining ri mojnf['i>]y "I" uviirly t-vi-ry article of 

 commerce, {ho mult twing tbo nlmcut total extinction of trade. To 

 remedy thin evil, vrhirh wan severely f,4t, especially Ky ttrvat Britain and 

 I'm act- , Sir John Ibiurmut. liikii-ii | •]< iji'jhiLuhi jary ED timid, was COIM- 

 uiKM"iwd to tin' Siamese court to induce tin- king to gmnt free trade. 

 The result of tlio miliary v,u- :i lunlv of rrnjiinrnv eulicluibit ill 1 ^."i 

 between England and Si;im nlMilkhiiig all monopolies opening up the 

 trade of the i ■ <*] ti t ry on lilem] prineipb>>, guaranteeing tfic uecilrity of 

 r'uropenu t rulers, and establixhiiu; « British cwnmlatu in Bangkok. In 

 a I'liiimnHviikl treaty h.i* ;iK>. ...n. |>.-. h . I viilli rrnnv. ;iw\ -nni rln-li 

 ntnro ialiiinit« relation* h:ivo Ihth t MStiblisfh-d with ihf.w two rival we»t*m 

 putt-iT*. wlii. li 5-p • 1 1 1 tu l'i .E.-.il i in Imu 1 2 j ■ - iiliLin;i>. j..irtiii'.-n or cxlinetioii of 

 the ancient kingilom of Siam. 



3. FRENCH DIVISION : ANKAM AND CAM B0JA, 



General Surrey.— Th e French, orcaHtem, pmentssevenil pci tiilij 

 nf nnabifry with iIji* Brsii>li. *>r west...-ni. ■ 1 i i .- i ■ ■ r a of llu- peninsula 

 Uolh are overshadowed in the north by the lofty plateaux of southern 



