U2 



E ASTER X GEOGRAPHY. 



(■iirliotjift-nitja furm:iti«»ns nf K:i-t AiMndrn, nre widely ilfd'u-.-i 

 lliroughimt Buriieii, where: yold \\tit\ tin ul** occur in the Kijirln.'- 

 tttngen ba&n, and diamonds in the L-jindnk district an the west coast. 



Although Luzon, Mindoro, and some of the other largnr islands in the 

 niilippiucA iiru mainly volcanic, tlicm nre aUo wjnw stmtificd areas with 

 coral and other marine fn.sHils, prohahly nf mioceno "UlJ |diocenc age. Gold 

 is found iii Mindanao, which also contains limestones mid roccnc ro< k -. 

 In tin' Qtlafirrfm* group, be tw een Mindoro and ralawan, limestone* akin 

 tn those of the Malay Peninsula are found associated with mure recent 

 eruptive roeks. Here tin 1 island of Coron "presents to the nuignili- 

 ecnt nimpart iff limestone elilfs and pinnacles from dOO to 1&(H) feet, Tim 

 aspect is grandly picturesque, the bluish-gray rocks, with patches of 

 brilliant red, yehV>w t pink, dark and light green, drseendiug precipitously 

 into forty Fathoms of writer. The outline of the island is m:ignilii.viil ]y 

 rugged ami irregular, weathered into needles ami pinnacle nf the moat 

 Ami attic shii|i.-, in lie- t vi which J here, i.s much pah- grecli j^^s 



with puddle* nf tlarkcT jujij^U'.*' — Teni*nn- Wnods. in general the sub- 

 htmlum nf the Philippines u]i[«i Mr-i tn be funned erystulline i-idll d - , 

 above which rise extensive eruptive rocks of an arehseic tyjn\ in many 

 places KiiWummtly modified by the action of sulphurous emanations.— 

 A* K. Henard, 



New Guinea, likti Borneo, Occupies a i|uiescent area apparently quite 

 five from active if nnt from extinct volcanoes. Crystalline rocks, how- 

 ever, occur on the north coast, and the Arfak range behind! Gcolviuk Baj 

 weems to In 1 mainly jrranitie. But elsewhere stratified formations an* the 

 prevailing feature. " Horizontal sandstones weathered into fmitusLie forms 

 e river many of the island ■* along the south«cost coast t where sofue limestone 

 hill* are found underlying auriferous nuartmst! samU 



Gold, as weU m> iron, tin, and copper, is atao found in several partn of 

 4 Vlehea, where granitic rocks no doubt largely prevail. But the extreme 

 southern peninsula is traversed by Kwalt anif limestone ran gea, while the 

 exlruiiit! iji i rth -extern point is igneous, and occupied by several active 

 volcanoes. The clusters of islands at the extremities of the peninsulas, 

 both in Oeltfai and Jilolo, evidently at one time formed [tart of the 

 mainland, to that the j»ecutiar form of these ttJanjfll i central nucleus, 

 with four liinhs radiating to the north, south, and east — is probably due 

 to sutisidcm e of the eastern valleys, now replaced by deep marine inlet*. 



Some of the rivers nre ohm washed for gold in Timor, where .ryshdline 

 limestones arc found interspersed with rough gnay crystalline sandstones, 

 the latter in some places cropping out or embedded in horizontal mosses 

 of sand and small gravel* This bmek shingly detritus points to a not very 

 remoto time when thu whole of Kant Timor formed the k'd of a marine or 

 lacustrine I r-irs. which wjlh nfierw,iri[H slowly upheaved, and nuy -it ill b«: 

 rising.— H, 0, Korisi*. Krorn this point westwards to Java nil the Lesser 

 Sunda Islands, except, perhaps, Itotti and Sum la {Sandalwood), arc 

 essentially vokonii!, an>l also of comparatively recent origin, 



Extent — Population, — Tint Eastern Archipelago is by far the 

 largest insular group in the world. It contains two islands, Borneo 

 nad New Guinea, each larger thou the British I»le« and France Uiken 



