114 



EASTERN G KOG ItA PH Y. 



group, villi the eastern extremity of Java, are drier than otius 

 parts of the Aridiipelagn, That tljjn contrast i.-i due l" tin- In- 

 fluence of tin* Aiu-lndlan eotititn.MiL appears, evident fnnu the fact, 

 ibat here tlii' raiufidl iiuTk'ii^'' in alum-lance according a» we ] •v ■■■•■•■■I 

 from Timoi westwards to Java, the greater part of whieh Mmd 

 cornea within the range of the wet monsoons from the Indian Oivati. 

 East of Java ami Hall very little moisture is precipitated during the 

 prevalence of flM south-eastern trade wind*, and "towards the hitter 

 end of thi* dry season the drought is ?o great that many streams dry 

 up, and irjnHi of the tree* ln*e their leaver. Tin- heat is then inten n- ■. 

 and were it not that the tiighH an- coo] and lln* breeze always? blow- 

 ing, the climate would approach in severity that of Australia itself." 

 — Wallace. 



In Sumatra alsn great heat* prevail, especially on the ^xMi-aee 

 open plain*, mieh as (bat nf IVniM in the Uaita enuulrv, whieh mv 

 cxpused fur month* together to dry senrehiug wind*, mining tin- 

 temperature to Ua" or D7 J in t 111- shade. l!i.il in Java t Jn- ^\-x-- >i-]dnin 

 rises above DO' F. even at lialavin, while on the uplands from IMMK) 

 to fiOOO feet it ranges from ItQ* to litLle over 70 ; throughout the year* 

 Java, however, hiIIit* -it times from Jong draught--, |. nv. ■! by 

 excessive ruins, causing disastrous inundations in one part o$ iho 

 country, while other places are suffering from on absolute want of 

 water. This anomaly is attributed to the monsoons, which blow 

 irregularly, ami which cause more anxiety to the Javanese than their 

 everreatlesa Volcanoes. — Van GeuriH, At Manilla in the Philippines, 

 with & heavy rainfall of 98 or 100 inches, the variations of tempera* 

 lurv an- lii dvd 7 J .-iw-\ '.to p„ ihe greatest heats occurring in the 

 month h iH'tween April and Augu*l. The northern part*, of these 

 inlands an- e\-pi-i-d \*i lhe .-;u nth -west nitd lo the still inori; VE>dent 

 north -in L*t monsoons, the, changes in the direction .if tin-.—- winds 

 being accompanied by terrific typhoons, which are most dreaded in 

 October, Imt whieh never reach further south than about 10° N. hit. 

 Hence the numerous inner sens sepamttng the various secondary 

 arcMpclogocs — the Celebes Sea, [between Mindanao, Borneo, and 

 CclGhen, the Eanda Sea, Imtween Ceruni and Timor, the Java Sea, 

 between Java and Borneo, the Arafnra Sea, between New Guinea 

 and Australia — are mostly st ill -writer banian, freely navigated in their 

 open i>rau- ' y ;rie Malays Imgis Sumlanese, and other seafaring 

 population*. 



The climnte of Worth Borneo is also described by Dr. Walker as 

 remarkable especially for its c-quahle character and the nlwence of extremes. 



