116 



EASTERN GEOGRAPHY. 



rhynchus, half bind Inilf mammal, all comm-m tn Xew Guinea ond 

 neighbouring ialnudi*, ami extending through Timor rind the Leaser 

 SiimljitHjsf i.-des to Bali, where the Australian fauna ceases and the 

 Asiatic begins* 



Ah Lilp-ji-ly remarked by Wallace, these great contrasts are entirely 

 independent of climate* which i* nearly the same everywhere. The 

 tnd&a change* in tin* organic world mast be truest back to former chants 

 III tUt- distribution .>f liLihl ;.n-l w.Llrr, ih-y ; iki- ]-E:li-i- w-iclimi! my 

 corresponding modincationa of the present environment. They are even 

 independent of tlifl volcanic belt, which strikes across Imth sections without 

 i|i'Li i i]iiru]]g any appreciable deferences in iheir living forms, Borneo and 

 NW <3n>iL..'.i r ag:iin, both belong to ijtiii^i;i^it or non-volcanic areas, :md 

 Imtli art' exposed to the same climatic conditions. Ynt the contrast 

 between their animal and vegetable species fat extreme. 



Fresh nmtraata in the Oceanic division of the Archipelago, where the 

 plants, and still more the fauna, present numerous typea absolutely dis- 

 tinct from those both of tin' Asiatic and Australian divisions. Reference 

 lias already lH.cn made to the spices of the Moluccas, which, however, 

 iii sOjh r.-iin>t- ]k t i>t l I'.ln'.v in v ,,|. . | if., 1 1 1 > I • ■ -4 'Inrc -.!- IVmasuhi. 

 H;it tln-re are no counterparts anywhere to be found to the Babirusa, Sapi- 

 utau, and Maleo of Celebes. In the eawne island Wallace finds SO out of 

 Hpccies of birds, 11 ont of 14 terrestrial mammals, 86 nut of lift 

 butterflies, and a very large number of bwr'f* ■ p.valiar, and occurring 

 QOVrbete elso in the archipelago, **The student of ge-ngruphh'iil distribu- 

 tion ." observe! this distinguished naturalist, "must see in the estra- 

 ordinary and isolated productions of Celebes proofs of the. former existence 

 of some continent, whence the ancestors of these creatures and of many 

 other intermediate forms could have been derived." — Malay Ardiipclny.t, 

 oh. xviii. 



niAPTKK iit. 



INHABITANTS — M AL ATS — IXDOSESr A XS — NEG HITOE3 — PAPTJAS'H. 



To some extent the distribution of the human races throughout 

 the archipelago conforms to tlmt of the tower organisms. Thus the 

 lijjit type*, of undoubted Asiatic origin, have their home in the 

 A-iiiuc .ir wt-Hiom, tin- dnrk in the Australian or- ea-oVrn, dtvlsi. .n. 

 But the former, being more intelligent and enterprising,, have wome- 

 whnt eneruftC-hed upun the domain of the latter. Hence the dividing 

 line between the two has been shifted considerably to the ea.-t , and 

 is drawn by Wallace in ■rah 4i way as to transfer Lombuk, Sumbnwa, 

 Celebes, parts of Burn and Jitolo, with Tidore und Teraale, from the 



