I "2 £ EAST E It X G HOG RAP] [ Y. 



beauty* Tlic Papuan ncm is long, regular, mvln-il ot aquiline rather 

 than concave, and tipped downward at the hase rul her than upturned. 

 Tlif nostrils uIm.i un- narnwiT, « lit 1 lips thinner and leas protruding 

 thtaa those of tlie African Negro. In most otJwr ropeci* the types 

 are -ijuil.ir, the Papuan having, like his Western congener, a lnn£ 

 head, woolly baiTj median stature, or rather above the average, eon- 

 pidenible muscular v .iir H w li^lLt, < - L i ■ ■■« -fl'i l 1 <Ij-sm wjtii ,u, acid al.^o 

 unfi >rt Liiuii.-ly a decided la^te- for human llesh, 



Tlie present Papuan domain atretches across sixty degrees of the merid- 

 ian {120° — ISO 1 E ), from the island of Flore* (SunJa group) to the Fijian 

 Archiotdago, ami Ici'.i mostly Wwern the ripiator ami tlu> Tnijiie of Capri- 

 corn,. It llitta comprises most of the MlWWf I'.'tRt of CMt'i Htrftt JJcw Guinea, 

 with nil the adjucml groups (Key, Aril, VVninouL tfifl lsiubiadrj Isles, 

 New Britiiin. New Zealand. and the wh--li- fit" M< Um-sia (Solomon, N'i-w 

 Hubriilea, N«w Caledonia, Loyalty, awl Fiji T--.ui.i-. i In F.-isti-in 

 Archipelago the ihuk populations ln-tween Flore* ;ui.l Nmw <linie-i ;uv 

 seldom of a pure Papuan type, almost everywhere betraying evidences of. 

 intermixture with the surrounding Malayan and I ndoncsian peoples. 

 Henoe they are called '* Negro- Malaya " by Crawfurd, who, hnwever, 

 ffmierttfjBpttiy regatd* tlieui, nut at the outcome of a fusion of these two 

 elements, hut as a separate raca distinct from both. To tliuio many writers 

 apply tlm term " Alfum." which U written tn a Variety of ways (Arfuro, 



Allium, wl :c :li • Atafn.i S. i, fcc,) t hat which has no rn»l ethnological 



eim>ilit.-iiu.'<- at all. In the mouth of a Malay *' Alfnm ,r means simply 



will, trodvflised, panitj hence i« indiscriminately applied to all unsettled, 

 ituji Moh.nmni-d in trilnrs at a ]nwvr stn^n of cull urn than tin" ordinary 

 Malayan standard irrnKpui tivn al together of racial (HtTcrenees. The Galulns, 

 for instance, of Jiloln. nni " A 3 films," although, so far from being dark, 

 thi-y are a distinctly I'ni r people tit almost Cam-unit: type, 



In the Papuan hi and* are current a vrry large number of languages, 

 many of whieli also iillbrd t dear proof of Malayan hi Hue nets. The numer- 

 als and words connected with trade, the arts, and industries are mostly of 

 Muliiv nT\-_i'w\. lliitth* substratum is certainly distinct, aa shown in tho 

 harsh^T phonetic system, the totally rlilferent alrnctiinj, and the largo 

 number of iuilependctit ti-rms expressing simple primitivo idea** The 

 MalayO' Polynesian toiiRnca certainly stretch from Madagascar nrrosa ifio 

 two oeeann eastward to Efestar Island, and are Bpoken not only by most of tho 

 Indonesians in the Eastern xln hipHda^, but also by nearly all tha Mphn- 

 estaus or Papuans, of the Pacific. But it is not to be Mtppused, with Mr. 

 L'odi'ington, that, excluding Australia :m<L tin' N< ^ritoi - t (here are no 

 othur sttifh luiigua^GS iu this t-ast watery domain. The exploration of New 

 Ullinra iiml Uonnvt, s-^inrly yi't K<'r[f*ugly liegun,. will pl\>bnbly bring to 

 Ujjht many futidamuntul fonns of spn' I:, anil cii.-.ng!i i- known nf the idiojiu 

 current amongst thu Papujm natives of Timor, Am, Mysol, Nufor {t;e«l* 

 wink Buy) to show that several languages nwiirally distinct from Matayo* 

 Polynesian still aurvivo in the Eastern Archipelago. 



The I'apuan populatioiiH have kvn carefully studied in recent thiu!M t 

 e.npwially by Wallace, A. H. Meyer, H. 0. Forbes, and MiklnliLo Maday. 

 From the varying and occasionally cv«n contr-aiJictyty Htnlftm-iiJa of the-So 

 and other olwiervers it is evident tliat f with a certain geaoral uniformity of 



