\-2\i 



i:\sjv.nx avotiv, \v\iv. 



other indications, allows, that ihe Philippines were detached from the 

 Asiati.' mainland at a miit-h nuTe remote ^logical epoch than this 

 large Sunda yruiip, that is, the. great inlands of Borneo, Sumatra, and 

 Java* The shores of the.«e insular masso-s'faeing the Maluy Penin- 

 sula tinil Indo-Chiun are elsewhere washed by shallow inland seas, 

 which were probably dry land so recently as early pleistocene times. 

 But on the Apposite sides great depths are soon reached, ao that the 

 original Asiatic rnastline is indicated by tlse chain of the Xius and 

 Meutawcy islands running parallel with the went e^ust of Sumatra, 

 and thence by a line drawn within twenty miles of the South Javan- 

 ese and East Bnrneau seaboards. All the land* enclosed by litis 

 fsimd I L ■ 1 1 ■ r--l u j ■« in a >ii"i3uariii.- |il:i:.-ni willi a m»;m < I - * [ ■ 1 1 5 of 

 litlle over thirty fathom-, &o that a slight upheaval of about 200 feet 

 w.mld HiiHiei' again in n.>mui:t lliciu with thi' mainland, to w]iii-h 

 their geological and biological features also show that they original ly 

 belonged. 



Borneo, the most central and next to Xew Guinea, the largest 

 island in I In- Easlcrn Archipelago, has no general native designation, 

 although by the Malays sunu'liuLe-* called Ttuwh nr Putttu Ktl?- 

 mnuUiii, u Land or Inland of the Mango/' The name by which it 

 ha-" been known In riumpeans sin re ii- disi>*very i- merely a eorrupt 

 form 1 1 r Brunei {Br&nai, Brthti-, ii I :i1 id' a still «-xi--tit^ Malay 

 State on the north-west const, whieh was the first place visited by 

 the Magellan expedition in 1521, It is m arly bisected by the equabT, 

 lying between T N T and 4 3 hit,, 109° — 119° E, long., with the I hina 

 Sea to the north and west, Macassar Strait to the east, and the Java 

 S-a on Ihe smith. Its ^reab'-L lme_;th, tWO miles, is almost exactly 

 indicated by :rn' 1 1Mb meridian running frmn l'oiul.Sani]xiii-MuHgii) 

 at Murudar Bay smrliwavd.-j in Tatijmig Sidatan near the Banji-r 

 Iliver in the Banjer-Mas.*in Residency. Its greatest bread lh, 1105 

 mile^ lies in hit. I* N. between the mouth of the Sambos river below 

 Sarawak and Point Kanyungnn in MltttOTH? Strait* it present* a 

 somewhat inasstve quadrangular form unlik*- thn: >•{ any nther lar^e 

 island in the world, with a total area of 2fi3,OQ0 w|uare miles tus 

 measured on Brink-man's large map of 187D, bnt by other anthorities 

 estimated oh high u* 21)0,000 ami even 300,000 wjaare mile*. The 

 e-riniali'-i ■■H'iie [m]^! Ua i- >n. l-a:-i-d largely mi meru ruiijeetnre, present 

 still grealer diaerepancie*, varying from about 1,750,000 to 2,500,000 

 and upwards. 



