EAST ERN GEOG RAPI I \\ 



or water during thi- tlooda, {'hamuls thus farmed eventually <-xp;uid to a 

 durum, 1 he witter ut every Hood ilowing in and enlarging its margins. The 

 lafceg have no di -Ti -1 uiitn-'l shores., the ground sinking iinperceptihly to it« 

 giv:if di-plli, whili' ■ III: iioiistnnl LJ'l in;.: "3' jln- I. mil flurfiuu caiMe* a 

 corresponding expansion or crntraetioa of tho Iwtiblruie ittca 11 (Ikmi 

 Some of the Mahnkkam lagoons are over 1S milia in length, and ftgurt! on 

 our mnps a-s true laku* of old geological formation. 



Climate. — The rainfall is remarkably heavy in most jxir(? of 

 Borneo, hut especially in the mirth-west, where it averages 180 inches 

 at SarAwak, Th»j njfmaio, however, owing to the influence of tho 

 M-a li^-iv.i->, \> mildiT ami hi-iilLliLiT than in til- <^t nlher idands of the 

 nrchipidnjjo.. although Buck hamd it very insulnbrtoUH in »itw |u:t - 

 Of tlii j i merit »r T win-re hot lund-windH probably pnevui]. Tin- Vi^'--*! 

 eon>t Iiilh n-t rvnltv 1 1 f v wapiti, lu'iiij* ri'frVfdied by h i'.-ivy and i'«m- 

 timtoii.s rsiin throughout the year, mid especially From Decemlier to 

 Manh. Tin- mean reading of the thermometer is 62* Rut Ponti-inak, 

 where it ni-ver exceeds 02''. But in North Borneo, fnulleiunrd 

 recorded HS% and found th<« heat in the Si^alim! valley "almost as 

 trying as that of New Guinea or Wc^t Africa." f Cnfiac (*/ the Mtirdnitay 

 ir. p. *>~k) 



Flora and Fauna.— Except in BOZB8 alluvial fiefaffete, the mil 

 of .Borneo A]»|ieitr* to Ik - : le*^ h-riiY limn 'Ami i.f 1 1 1 ^di-ntiie islands. 

 Much of i hi! *urGev is Mil] covered with a primeval forv.<t growth, 

 including nnt only the gigantic timber, Mich a* ebony, irunwood, 

 «ttnlalwoml, which the pomW t*nil will produce iu efpmlorirtl 

 region} 1 , hut many of thu- tno-1 u^-fnl Ih.pical specif^ *nrh :ts lienjcoin, 

 •. .noplo'V, gutla, the .si^i-palm, met the rattan. The hitler thrives 

 !».-■.: tt l L 1 y in Ihe smith-west, ilu> r:iit.iu "t l".iti^^-r-M;i-:u having a 

 higher value tlmti that of any other country in Malaya, The phi ef 

 ■ ii lr i v;l1i- L [i!:iuts aru rice, in !ii miion, opium, |iep|icr, yams and 

 indigo. Thu mungostccii, durum, and many other delicious fruits 



uhullliil, 



The most ivmnrk.ible feature in the xnology of Honieo h? the nhsrOr. • or 

 rarity of many large «simtli found tit thu adjacent islands. Than tho 

 tiger and h-opard of .f:ie.i mid Sinimlt-a are unknown, tliHr p]aw K-inj? 

 mu i -plied by ■ snudlvi- Hterfetn lite 2$$b Mncrontcdis. Scarcely luss mnark- 



riM- \- til-- .ili.v 1-eLJi n( th- .di'plrujt and rli'iioc rv* from l<y fa. the 



juri i'"i l >:l r r .if tin- iv mn I ry, <"H' lu'^i- jiiiiiuuls. the nn-st inter- sting are 

 the orang-outuii {next to the gorilla the largest iihtliropoid apts), the wild 

 catth', and tin- protKiscis monkey. Dcor N wild swiuu, lljhL .^..piiir- ls uv 

 uvurywherc almndimt. Other elinrtietrristie mnmmidh, not, however, 

 |ieeultar to Hot le.-o, aw tin- ]mni-yd>tiir {Umtttt Matatianwt^ the biiittiroiiR, 

 inti j nneiliate K-twuen the civet" and Imar, tho tiger-cat (fttis pianfccpn) t 

 thu Kul-iiry, or llyitijf lemur ( Tulcffpitkmig valfxm)^ the eurioujt sual, or 

 gobanp (Myttans iticlieepa), n kind of btdgcr with a pig's snout, and th« 



