152 



employed in field operations. The Javanese fauna is in oilier respects 

 k i uii uly Asiatic, including the ti^'er, panther,, Iwpard, jackal, pok-rat 

 (mytlaus mdiceps), rhinoceros wild ox, d«*ir, two species of wild 

 Imar, the wuu- wjin gibbon, i li l< L other memlnTK of the ape family. 

 Bui the elephant and tapir arc- alwcnt, or have long l*?eh extinct, if 

 tlii-ir iim^t- vv> T extended sh fur Hotuh, Of reptiles the, iiuut fnrmid- 

 abh* are the croeodilo and python, both numerous anil of htrgc size, 

 besides upwards of twenty venomous snakes. The ornithology is 

 very rich, including the cassowary, peacock, weevorj, two e pedes ot" 

 parrot, the minute butterfly hawk, falcon, golden oriole, yellow 

 crowned bulhul, fairy bluednrd, jungle-fowl, and many nther raru 

 aud beautiful species* Tlie rivers also and neighbouring seas are 

 well Blocked, aud the fisheries along the coasts highly prod/ma j \ 

 But the rivers' mouths are infested by alligators, and the surrounding 

 waters by still more voracious shark*. 



Inhabitants. — All tlie natives belong to tlie Malay stuck, speak- 

 ing three distinct hut allied Umgnjg»l ? tiuufitiries*! in the w<'>1 ; 

 Javanese proper in the central and eastern provinces j Mwhr&e in 

 Madura uno 1 mlja^i'iU pari- id the larger inland. - In physical upp-^r- 

 anoa they present little differenccs t except that the Javanese are 

 somewhat la I It rand pirhnp-4 niore refined than must other brandies 

 rd the Malay nice. All are naturally inoffensive, peaceful, docile, of 

 frugal habits, truthful and straightforward. They bear the impress 



of a |K'-.ji].- (li'H ha- Umg vnii'ivil hctu-Eil * of 11 An) An t£i»Vi:r]iliiviit t 

 of social order, and a considerable degree, of general culture, Their 

 husbandry is carvful and orderly, and they betray much skill aud 

 taste as worker* in wood, iron, and other metal*. Tlmir boat* and 

 canoes are unsurpassed for speed and elegance, their krisse.* of 

 excellent temper ami graceful design, ihdr woven fabric ol' fine 

 quality, with t«*M'n1 paUerns and harmoniously blended colour?, 

 derived from a few simple vegetable and other dyes. As niiisieian.s 

 they have always excelled amongst Malay peoples, with whom, how- 

 ever, they share the love of gambling, of cock-fighting, and some 

 othi-r characteristic vices. 



Tin' J.-ivnin-Ki' tnnpin^, catrtvul in the- greater part of the island, is 

 derived directly from UMawp^ » highly divefora'd form of Mnky speech, 

 of wliirb there aru liisriijitifina roul n'1-..nta 'liilbig fmm thr twrlfrli - 1 ■ - 

 turv. It 19 written in » peculiarly cb'gant syllabic eharacter, whii-Ji was 

 introduced in on older form from India,, sad which Juts held it* ground 

 even after tlm Hindu religions uvrc mi | (planted by hshitn in the fifteenth 

 century. Sinee that lima the bulk of the people uro reputed Molmiiiiiiutliviis, 

 although really Mi.-vrrs in Lhr primitive aaimbni of their L'-avtiLiher-. 



