134 



EASTERN GEOGRAPHY, 



other products of the Archipelago, such Ml gnmluer, tin, gold-dust, 

 dinunuiibi, ration*, bee?wax, tortoise-shell, nutmeg*, eloves, imtce t 

 kajnpati, and other oil* from the Moluccas, Tlit! total yearly exports 

 now exceed sixteen, and the imports thirteen, million* sterling. The 

 latter comprise linen, wotdlen, ami cotton goodx, pravi«km^ wine, 

 spirits, hardware, glass from Europe and America ; opium from 

 India ; tea, porcelain, and silks from China, All the iiovernmetit 

 exports to the Netherlands are forwarded by the "Dutch Trading 

 Company" established in IS24 at Amsterdam. 



Topography, — Zfomnri, capital of Java, and of all the Dutch 

 East Indies occupies a murphy *ili: on the Yakatr.i, near tin 1 head uf 

 the spacious Bay of liatavia. It comprises a native and a European 

 quarter, the latter rivalling Calcutta and Bombay in splendour, and 

 containing the residences of all the Government emends, nil t 1 1 * - chief 

 hotels, clubs, museums, and theatres. But business is centred chiefly 

 in c h i » ' old town, which is intersected by canals, and rendered zu 

 Fulubrious as most tropical cities by the recent drainage work?. 

 Nearly all the import end export trade of Java passes through 

 Uatavia, which has a mixed population of over half i million natives, 

 Chinese, Moons ^claiiuing Arab descent, Dutch, EnglMu Portuguew, 

 and other European!?. It was founded in 1619, and occupied by the 

 British in 1*11, hut restored to Holland at the general pence, 



About 40 miles BontU of Katavio, in n healthy *li»t i*3c:t nearly 1000 fi*t 

 above the sea, lies tin- villus of Ruitcmorg, where the Governor-General 

 ho* a Hue palace, and many Europeans reside n part of the ye*t* Hew U 

 a famous tio(aiiLe.il parden, in which an* cult ivnted all the lineat vegetable 

 products uf the Archipelago. A'urwioifa, next in iiujH»r|u&tt to tlaUvin, 

 and the chief port for the oiport of sugar, itsmlfl at the mouth of the Prantas 

 rivr r, ...v.-r against the western extremity of Madura, lis harbour is the 

 finest in Java, and here nw sitnit<Hl tho (Sinvrament. dockyard* ami 

 arsenals. The fertile province of Surabaya send* down a vast quantity of 

 rice, sugar, and other produce by the river, which is navigable for large 

 lk.at.-i far in!. i tlif inti-rior. S<tit/>r,-'i »'}, at 1 in- mouth of tin- river of like 

 unme. snrne £20 nubs ismt of Ritavia, enjoys the ad vantage of luil nay 



i-. ii nuii-.Hioii with the native capitate of Surakarta and Jogjnkarta, ihiLH 



drawing largo snpplieft of cotton, sugar, colfee, and indigo from one of the 

 rii'h'---*l districts of the interior. Anj<-r, u full i ■ -■ I tnwii at thu narrowest 

 part of the Sum la Strait, and an important port of c\\] for ships protwdtng 

 to Patavia, Singapore, or ^Imailla, wna totally destroyed by the terrible 

 Krakatao eruption of August £ti^7, 1&8&. Sumkarta (Solo), capital of the 

 kingdom of Sasumnn, the so-culled " Bnpttmf of Java,'* is the largest city 

 btill nominally governed by a native prince. He keeps a ceremonial state, 

 and is surrounded by a degree of magnificence scarcely surpassed by that 

 of any Indian raja. Another important native city is Joljoitniu t capital 

 of a province of like name, and also governed by a Javanese sultan. 



