158 EASTERN GEOGRAPHY. 



passing thence through l>yte T where there are large deposit* "of 

 putphur, to the volcanic islet of Cauiiguin off the north coast i>f 

 Mindanao, and so on to Apoand the SntTiMg-itii mountain ami islets ut 

 the southern extremity of Mindanao, 



A limy is ono of the most remark able volcanoes hi the whole world, 

 farm i tig a regular cone 9100 feet hijjli, with a circular l«uw 12 miles in 

 dtamuUT, constantly omitting from its tanks thousands of jrts of heated 

 y.i\\ -tiur'nm \-:i|.iiur, Luc Hit limit a trans of any tnie crater. Hat (hiring the 

 eruptions of 1767 and 1811 it ejected torrents of lava which nwept away 

 many villages with all their inhabitants. Further north the volcanic 

 region is sharply limited hy the course of the river Bieel, south of which 

 nothing oeCUN except calcareous marls and rich fossil iferone deposit*. Hero 

 the Mnyon (system is continued uorth-weslwurds through M mints Iriga 

 (*000 feet) and Isamg (6500 feet), whose eruptions appear to Lave filled 

 in the channel butwecn the former island of Caraniuan and the province of 

 South CarmuiiicK.. I tt North Luxuti the. i-ajilrrliatid w«it*l"li volciuiic Indus, 

 which tli4i Tajo river baftin, take respectively iHu gimeral 



ruiliM:* uf rliM S:erra Mail m and Northern Cordillcraa. In Mindanao lha 

 stiU active Mount Apo, urar Jtavao, was wci'iided in 1SS2 hy Koch aud 

 SuhudenVrjj, who found the highest of its three peaks to lie 11,000 feet, 

 consequently the. culminating point of the whole Archipelago. The more 

 noiitliurn Sarangani has been quiescent since 1C15. 



The presence of very old crystalline rocks in both of the large islands 

 it attested by the occurrence of gold in Mindanao, and of auriferous 

 iiuarta, h'ad and coppur ores in the southern districts of Lurou, Similar 

 formations occur in &l achate, whom? aircams are washed for gold, in 

 Zebu, I«eytc, and utlier members of the Archipelago, where igneous and 

 sedimentary rocks are found almost everywhere intermingled* 



Kivers and Lakes, — Few tropical hinds tire belter watered than 

 the Philippines which, besides innumerable perennial dreams, also 

 differ froin Java and Burnet » in tlm possession of several largu and 

 romantic uplftnd and lowland lakes. Of the Luzon rivers, which 

 How mostly to the north and west Cotist) the largest a the Tajo ( Apurri), 

 which II owe fruin Mount Lngsig for ubout 200 niilea through the 

 ■.'!'■ * ;il< !•' • :i li. A ; ,il r i-l. ! I •■ l.i •!'! ii I'll 1 t Let' •••nlli lb: 



still larger l*amj«uiga plain is traversed hy a large number or streams, 

 flowing some to the C!ulf of Lingayan, some to Manila Bay on the 

 west coast Here is presented the somewhat rare phenomenon of a 

 hike, the Lnguna de Canaren, draining in two opposite directions to 

 both of these inlets. Ktuuerous streams also converge from the sur- 

 rounding hills in the beautiful Logo de Bay. largest of the Luzon 

 lakes, which sends its overflow thrutigh the P«*ig river to Manila 

 Bay near the capital. 



Other largfl sheets of water in Luaon arc Lake Cagayan in the crtrcma 

 north, the temporary I'iuag de Can Java, formed during the rainy season. 



