uikal, the Faoglitiiah. prang 1?; (t gen- 

 eral ; the PutiguIuo-iTiuamfi h ati ol- 

 Hcer siipeTinleiidlit^^ the eiirrnncc of 

 rivers, mercantile or u adln^^ praus, and 

 ooHectijig cusitoin taxes: Ihi* officer is 

 called hi Sumatra ^abatidav: itic 

 Bundaiah i^i an officer in charge of 

 the Treasury. Tlie Sultatis^ have aho 

 thdr body-guard^i called ]Iub(> bal- 

 lan^ : some anion^ (heni are Itie secret 

 agents of the Sultan, appointed to 

 execute his orders hi a hlddeu clan- 

 deiitjue way, to carry, for in stance, 

 messages of d eat It to certain person- 

 ages who could not he executed openly 

 and publicly. 



Swch was, the govern iiient of 

 Malay Sultans at the time of their 

 power t now-B-dayii, tlieir po^'^ef baa 

 decayed and llie titles alone have re- 

 mained. There i!$ still a Commander* 

 in-chief, but without ariniej; ; and m 

 admiral, but without a fleet; there are 

 alMi general B, hut wit I tout saldlera. 

 The Princes, called in Sumatra Penga- 

 rana and in the peninsula pung;uloohe 

 or datohSj availing of the weakness of 

 the Sovereign^ have lerontc free and 

 independent ; so much so, tlr£il these 

 princes iiave hectinie kings or raji^hii 

 dff facto t every province or disntriet 

 being a petty kingdom. These pthicca 

 declare war against each other^ when 

 interest or passion leads thecu to it ; 

 exercise supreme justice, njakc peace,, 

 collect taxes and tributes ; people 



