April 6, 1893.1 



FOREST AND STREAM. 



307 



tubes are interrupted by a small vertical featlier-way to keep the 

 tube from tm-ning round; and also by a small single-thread screw 

 groove, in which engages a tooth fitted in the nut-wheel A. The rais- 

 ing or lowering of the cutters is affected by rotation of this nut-wheel, 

 jcommunicated to it by the gearing B 0 driven by the cross-shaft D, 

 on which slides the spur-wheel B fitted with a sliding feather. The 

 rotation of the cross-shaft D, effected by the hand-wheel Q and com- 

 municated to the screw E by mitre gear, moves the indicati)ig nut F 

 (Fig. 17) through a distance equal to the vertical rise or fall of the 

 cutlers; and this enables them to be set at the levels of the successive 

 waterlines, marked off on the scale Q. 



Secondlj^ the lateral motion of the cutters is controlled and made 

 symmetrical by means of the right and left-handed screiv, H, working 

 in the nuts, S, fitted in the cutter frames, instead of by an arrange- 

 ment of bell-cranks as was done at Torquay. The screw is worked by 

 mitre gear from the hand- wheel, U; and its use supersedes the neces- 

 sity of the oil cylinder or cataract referred to in page 307 of the Pro- 

 ceedings of the Penzance meeting. As at Torquay, the tension of the 

 cord belt by which the cutters are driven, tends to keep the cutter 

 frames apart, and so eliminates any '-lost time" due to "slap" of the 

 nut or other parts. As an additional safeguard, the cutters, when cut- 

 ting, are always made to work frommidship of model toward the ends, 

 so that they are always being moved inward, and the friction of slid- 

 ing of the cutter frames is in the same dhection as the pull of the 

 bolts. This sliding friction, as at Torquay, is minimized by the counter- 

 balance levers and weights, W, which lighten up the weights of the 

 cutter frames. 



Thirdly, the di-awing table, T, besides being much larger than at 

 Torquay, lies in a horizontal plane instead of standing in a vertical 

 plane. The motion of the tracer is consequently horizontal and lat- 

 eral, instead of vertical; in other words, it is in the same direction as 

 that of the cutter frames; also the copying levers lie in a horizontal 

 plane instead of standing in a vertical plane. The purpose of the 

 much larger relative size of the drawing table in the machine at Has- 

 lar, especially as regards its length, is to enable half -breadth plans of 

 the usual scale of J4in. to 1ft. to be used for models of large ships. The 

 use of so large a drawing table requires special provisions for accuracy, 

 which constitute a distinct feature in tlie Haslar machine. 



Copying Apparatus of Model-Shaping Machine. — The di-awing 

 being made to travel longitudinally in proportion to the longitudinal 

 travel of the model, and the tracer to follow simultaneously the water 

 line on the drawing, the condition required for the accurate reproduc- 

 tion of the lines of the drawing by the cutters to scale on the model is 

 tliat at every instant the distance apart of the cutters shaU be propor- 

 tional to the distance of the tracer from the center line of the draw- 

 ing. The table travel and the length of the drawing may be as much 

 as 12ft. Now, in a very long drawing it is not easy to draw the center 

 line absolutely straight; nor to fix a long narrow drawing quite 

 straighten a board. Moreover, to iusm-e that the travel of so long a 

 table through so long a distance should be rigidly true and straight, 

 would requu'e an expansive structure and great nicety of workman- 

 ship. It would probably also involve a degree of frictional resistance 

 to the drawing table travel, which would be incompatible with so con- 

 venient and inexpensive a method of communicating the proportion- 

 ate longitudinal motion from the model table to the drawing table, as 

 has been used at Haslar, and previously at Torquay, namely, by light 

 change wheels, of which the shafts take their motion off the model 

 table and the drawmg respectively by stretched pianoforte wive wind- 

 ing on and off a drum on each shaft (Fig. 16). 



—the position of this center line in space being slightly indefinite, 

 owing to the causes aheady suggested— the fulcrum M, of the copying 

 lever J (Fig. 17) is mounted, not on any fixed brackets, but on the 

 frame K, which is itself in fact a lever, pivoted at one end at L, jnst 

 ixineath the hne of motion of the cutter end of the copying lever, and 

 held at its other end at the point I, m the hne of motion of the tracer, 

 by the frame N. The position of this frame N in the direction of the 

 tracer's travel is regulated by the roller O in contact with the back 

 edge of the wide pai-allel batten P, of which the front edge is adjusted 

 carefully to a uniform distance from the center line of the drawing. 

 In virtue of this arrangement, lateral deviation of the center line of 

 the drawng does not affect the distance of the ti'acer from the center 

 line. 



In order to obtain accurate working in this copying appai-atus with- 

 out running int-o expensive mechanism— seeing that the actual work to 

 be done by it is almost the smallest conceivable, in fact simply that of 

 sliding over a dramng a tracer consisting of a piece of tracing paper, 

 so that the only material resistance to be overcome is the friction of 

 the mechauisni itself — care was taken in the design to use such me- 

 chanical features as give precision against small forces, but involve 

 little friction; for friction tends to cause deflections, or requires 

 heavier and therefore again more frictional working parts to resist 

 such deflections. All redundance of control was also avoided, as tend- 

 ing to cause indecision of worldng. 



As in the Torquay machine, the fulcrum M of the copying lever can 

 be adjusted to give any desired proportion of travel of tracer to that 

 of cutters. Also the proportion of longitudinal travel of di-awmg 

 table to that of model is regtdated by that of change wheels X; and 

 the "lost time" due to play of teeth in these wheels is eliminated by a 

 weight leading ovei- a pulley, keeping a tension on the table always in 

 one direction. 



Method of Feed of Model in Sliaping Machine.— The model table has 

 a maximuih longitudinal travel of 30ft. Its travel is effected, not by a 

 band winch as at Torquay, but by a simple quasi-hydi-aulic oxraii.je- 

 ment, as indicated in Fig. 19, the liquid used being paraffin oil instead 

 of water, in order not to rust the steel ■wire. The valve is contrived so 

 that the speed of the table can be regulated from a certain maximum 

 in one dii-ection to a similar maxunum in the opposite du-ection 

 through every intermediate degree. By opening the cock A — which, 

 indeed, opens itself, and is only held shiit by the foot of the operator 

 while Ibe cut is being made — free commutiication is estiibhsljed be- 

 tween the two ends of the tube, whereby the self-acting hydraulic 

 travel is instantly stopped, while at the same time the table becomes 

 free to be easily and rapidly moved by hand in either direction. The 

 principal uovehy of the arrangement lies in the chcumstance that the 

 hydraulic pressure required, amounting to only l4il)S. per square 



inch, is maintained, not by an accumidator or high-level cistern, but 

 by a httle high-speed centrifugal pump, driven by the cord belt which 

 drives the cutters. This arrangement is very convenient, and is found 

 quite satisfactorj' in working. 



Melting and Casting.— The arrangements for melting and casting 

 the models scarcely differ from those described in the paper read at 

 the Penzance meeting. It may be noticed that it has since been founji 

 better to coat the cores with a simple wash of clay without using any 

 plaster of paris. It has been found that it is best to cast the models 

 at a temperature not higher than, say, 160° Fahr., also that by mixing 

 a little wax with the paraffin, and by remelting it several times in 

 buckets when newly bought, the porousness of the castings, referred 

 to in the report of the proceedings of the Penzance meeting, has been 

 almost enthely done away with. 



Weighing Machine.— This is used for obtaining the dead weight of 

 the models, in order to determine the amount of ballast required. 

 What was actually required was merely an instrument to weigh up to 

 l,0001bs. or so with greater accuracy than is obtainable with an ordi- 

 nary spring weighing scale. But a special machine had anyhow to be 

 made, and it seemed to make a reaUy accurate one would not add 

 much to the cost, while such a machine might prove useful for other 

 purposes. The instrument, which is shown in Figs. 20 to 2.3, was 

 made at the Admiralty Experiment Works, except the knife edges 

 and plates, which were supplied by Oertling. It is similar in principle 

 to an ordinary chemical balance, except that it is a steelyard having 

 one arm 6in. and the other 5ft. in length, instead of tlie usual sym- 

 metrical beam. 



When the model or other weight which is to be weighed is being 

 hung upon the machine, the eye or shackle, A, to which it is hung is 

 resting in its fixed trunnions; as also are the sUng, B, by which tliis 

 shackle is brought to bear on the knife edge, and the scale beam, C, 

 itself. The trunnions of the sling, B, consist of notches resting on 

 points. All these points are thereby held in their correct places, so 

 that the knife edges shall come to bear proiserly in the centers of the 

 plates when brought into work. Turning the hand- wheel, D, raises the 

 center fulcrum-jDlate. E, which first picks up the scale beam and raises 

 it off its trunnions. As the hftuig continues, the outer knife edge 

 picks up the shng, B, which in turn presently picks up the shackle. A, 

 with the model hanging to it. For the long end of the scale beam, 

 accuracy of leverage being of less importance, a V or notch-plate. F 

 (Fig. 33), hangs on the knife edge, G, instead of a fiat plate; and at this 

 end the weights are hung on or taken off without any formality of first 

 relieving the knife edges from strain. 



The beam and knife edges, etc., are cased in to protect them from 

 dust and damp; but the model or other weights to be weighed, as weU 

 as the weights used in weighing, hang in the open. In order to make 

 proper use of the evident sensitiveness of the instrument, these also 

 would have to be cased in, to avoid the distm-bances caused by 

 di-aughts of ah-. 



Tarpon Springs Y. C, March 25. 



TARPOU SPEENGS, PLA. 



Editor Forest and Stream: 



Our regular Saturday regatta was sailed in a strong, puffy S,W. 

 wind; all had single reefs in and plenty of ballast. A large number of 

 people filled the boat houses to see the fun. The Lucy B. went over 

 the line first, foUowed by the Commodore's Silver King, that he put in 

 for the first time rigged without the jib, to give the boys a chance. 

 The rest of the fleet held back to gain time. Around the point they 

 go, where, as they flatten the sheets for a dead beat to the first stake, 

 the boats feel the full strength of the wind, which quickly shears their 

 power and the skill of the skippers. Two short tacks and the SUver 

 King is in the lead; going weU, but missing the jib left at the boat 

 house. Capt. Gregg's new wide boat, with four heavy men in her, was 

 going hke a race horse, and soon passed the Lucy B., who. as Noblet 

 says, wanted our heavy city muscle on the weather rail to hold 

 heV up. 



The Storm King is soon around the first stake, and with sheets 

 broad off is rushing through the water hke a steamer, the strong 

 puffs bringing her bow down until her deck is nearly level with the 

 water; then power teUs, and she starts ahead with renewed speed. 

 Capt. Roberts is pushing the Topsy with all his skill, and leaving the 

 smaller boats; but length teUs against him. and Gregg is steadily leav- 

 ing him. 



Around the second stake, they go, a dead beat to the first stake, a 

 run home, and the starting flag is rounded with the Sflver King lead- 

 ing by 4m. 16s. 



The second round was a duphcate of the fii-st. The raoi e powerful 

 boats gaining on the others. Aroimd the last state goes the SUver 



King far in the lead and sure of the first prize if the Commodore had 

 let well enough alone; but, wishing to make a big record, he ordered 

 the reef out, and when the job was nearly done a strong puff strikes 

 her, the mainsheet binds, and over she goes; an object lesson to the 

 boys, who smile as they sail by until the tops of their heads look like 

 an island. They finish the race, then all come back and help bail out 

 the SUver King and tow her home with the naphtha launch. Next 

 week we expect to have a regatta out on the Gulf of Mexico. 



Start. Turn. Finished. Elapsed. 



Lucy B., Rear-Corn. Noblet 2 14 10 2 55 45 3 45 40 1 31 30 



SUver King. Com. Phinney 2 15 10 2 49 29 Upset. 



Dennis, Vice-Com. Disston 2 16 15 2 58 00 3 44 46 1 28 31 



Gregg, Capt. Gregg 3 16 50 2 55 25 3 32 55 1 16 05 



Topsy Capt. Clemson ..8 17'01 2 56 00 3 35 18 1 18 17 



J. P. Phinnby. 



Representative Yachts. 



Editor Forest and Stream: ,. , , 



Your paragraph concerning representative yachts, published March 

 9, appears to require some qualification. If Valkyrie No. 2 and Nava- 

 hoe were to meet for the America Cup, nothing could be better or 

 fau-er than the paragraph referred to. Unfortunately, Valkyrie will 

 have to meet the best of several trial yachts— Navahoe doing some- 

 thing simUar in British waters. Each yacht is the last effort of the 

 yacht designer at the head of his profession in England and America; 

 but, as you point out when instancing Galatea and Genesta, a designer 

 may, and frequently does, produce a slower boat than his best of a 

 previous year. International racing ought, therefore, to be separated 

 from the personal equations of owner or designer as much as possible, 

 and be conducted under conditions which give no advantage to either 

 side. The premier club of a nation alone should challenge, and the 

 date and class named, any number of trial yachts being permitted on 

 either side. ' , , 



So long as the challenger is. tied down to one boat, and the chal- 

 lenged can try a dozen, the America Cup should ^remain in New York 

 and the gold cup at Ryde. . T hat .assa. 



Secretaries of canoe clubs are requested to send to Fokbst akd 

 Stream their addresses, with name, membership, signal, etc., of their 

 clubs, and also notices in advance of meetings and races, and report of 

 the same. Canoeists and all interested in canoeing are requested to 

 forward to Forest ajid Stream their addresses, with logs of cruises, 

 maps, and information concerning their local waters drawings or 

 descriptions of boats and fittings, and aU items relating to the sport. 



AMERICAN CANOE ASSOCIATION. 



OBTICKRS, 1892-98. 



Commodore: Lieut.-Col. W. H. Cotton, Kingston, Ontario, Canada. 

 Siscrktaby-Treasurer: R. Easton Burns, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, 



ATLANTIC DIVISION. 

 Officers: 

 ViCE-CoM.: J. R. Lake. 

 Eeaji-Com : H. L. Quick. 

 Purser: F. L. Dumiell, B'klyn, N. Y. 

 Ex. Com..- M. V. Brokaw, W. E. Law- 

 rence, W. B. Dodge. 



EASTERN DIVISION. 



CENTRAL DIVISION. 

 Officers: 

 ViCE-CoM.: T. H. Stryker. 

 Reab-Com.: W. C. Witherbee. 

 Purser: C. E. Wardwell, Rome, N. V. 

 Ex. Com.: C. V. Wlnne, W. E . Hunt 

 ington. 



NORTHERN DIVISION. 



Officers: 



Vice-Com.: Geo. L. Paj-mele. Vxce-Com.: J. N. MacKendriek. 



Reab-Com.: F. a. Sears. RbaRtCom.: P. Minns. 



Purser: F. B. Lewis, Box 89, Hartf'd. Pubser: W. G. MacKenflrick, Tor. 

 Ex.Com. -Paul Butler, W. V. Law- Ex. Com.: C. E. Archbald, J. H. Car 

 son, R. Apollonlo. negle. 



Applications for membersiph must be made to division pursers, accom- 

 panied by the recommendation of an active member and the sum of $2.00 

 for entrance fee and dues for cuiTent year. Every member attending 

 the general A. C. A. camp shall pay .$1.00 for camp expenses, AppllcatiOE s 

 sent to the Sec'v-Treas. will be forwarded by htm to the proper Division. 



Persons residing in any Division and wishing to become membera of 

 the A. C. A., will be furnishea with printed forma ot application by addrKSfi 

 Ing the Purser. 



WESTERN CANOE ASSOCIATION. 



Commodore— G. M. Munger, Eureka, Kan. 

 Vice-Commodore— F. W. Dickens, Milwaukee, Wis. 



Rear-Commodore— F. H. Gai-y, Oshkosh, Wit- 

 Seoretary-Treasurer— F. B. Huntington, Milwaukee, Wis. 

 Executive Committee— G. H. Gardner, W. H. Crawford, S. N. Maxwell. 

 Regatta Committee— G. P. Mathes, J. H. Ware, G. G. Case, M. D. Smith. 

 Applications for membership should be made to the Seo.-Treas., on blanks 

 which may be obtained from hun, and should be accompanied by $2 

 initiation fee and dues for the current year. 



FIXTURES. 



3. Red Dragon, Delaware River. 17. New York Ann. , Bensonhurst. 

 10. Brooklyn Annual, Bay Ridge. 34. Marine and Field Club, Bath 

 13. Atlantic, An., New York Bay. Beach. 



14-17. East Div. Meet, Haddon I'd. 



JtTLY. 



I- 15. At. Div. Meet, Captam's Island. 15-30. W. C. A. Meet, Ballast Island. 

 29. Red Dragon, Delaware River. 



AUGUST. 



II- 36. A. C. A. Meet, St. Lawrence River. 



SEPTEMBER. 



4, lanthe. An., Passaic River. 16. Red Dragon, Delaware River. 

 4. Holyoke, Fall, Holyoke, Mass. 



A. C. A. Membership. 



Eastern Division: Fred. A. Mann, Chas. L. Allen, Almond F. Town- 

 send, Frank A. Smith, P. L. Rider, Frank N. Houghton, Edwin C. 

 Dexter, Nelson H. Davis, Chas. S. Day, Frank P. Kendall, W. E. Has- 

 sam, George M. Bassett, W. H. Buxton, Henry J. Kettell, Worcester 

 Mass. Atlantic Division: E. W. Tanner, New York, 



CANOE NEWS NOTES. 



The meet of the Eastern Division will be held at Haddam Island, 

 about 15 miles south of Middletown, on the Connecticut River, fi'om 

 June 14 to 17 inclusive, the races taking place on 



Syracuse Rifle Club. 



Syracuse. March 30.— The following are scores made by members of 

 the Syracuse Rifle Club at Maple Bay yesterday, distance SOOyds., 

 standard American target: 



Off-Hand. 



Stillman 9 8 10 7 9 7 9 7 8 8—82 



Grossman.... 8 7 6 9 8 10 6 6 10 7—77 



Smith 10 5 7 5 10 9 10 8 9 5—77 



Seely 8 7 8 10 7 7 8 5 5 9—74 



Coleman 7 9 9 10 9 10 5 3 5 5—72 



Ball 777587757 9—69 



Lathrop 6 2 8366555 2—48 



Rest. 



tLeighton 9 8 11 9 11 13 13 11 13 13—107 



Nearmg 12 11 9 8 8 10 9 8 10 8— 93 



Lathrop 7 9 9 7 6 10 8 9 7 9— 81 



* Telescope. + Double rest and telescope. Sec. 



Excelsior Rifle Club. 



The weekly handicap shoot of the Excelsior Club for the club 

 medals was held at the headquarters of the club on Tuesday evening, 

 March 28. The shotlng of the members was on the whole very good. 

 John Speicher, with his handicap of 6 points, seems to have di-opped 

 into a very soft spot. The scores of the members will be found ap- 

 pended to their classes. 10 shots, possible 350, ,25yds. : 



First class: 



Speicher... 238-1-6— 244 Hansen, scratch, ..244 Hennessey.. 282-f4— 3.36 

 Second class: 



J O Boyce. . ,241 J Hughes. . . .340 C Bauchle. . . .2-30 C LPinney. .229 

 Third class: 



Thomas .... 33.5-1-6—341 Duflf , scratch S35 Binn s 311-{-H— 33S 



