S3 



HHO PA LO VERA MA f. \ VAX A. 



judging from analogy, considered as scent-prod itcing organs, and I have alluded to them here 

 as pseudo scent-glands or brands. On the other hand, they may serve for purposes of 

 " strigillation," as proposed by Butler,* being impressed upon that portion of the anterior 

 wings which comes in contact with the anterior margin and prominent costal nervnre of the 

 posterior wings. 



Like other genera of the lhm<una\ aud especially Danais, this genus enjoys an immunity 

 from the ordinary enemies of butterflies, and hence may be described as possessing a strongly 

 "protective' 1 character. In tropical America, the widely distributed and extensive genus 

 Helicon ins was first shown to enjoy this protection or immunity by Bates, f a fact subsequently 

 and amply confirmed by Belt. J Wallace, who enjoyed the unusual opportunity of observing both 

 these genera in a state of nature and in their widely separated habitats, writing from Singapore, 

 states, ** The Bupkcas here quite take the place of the HtJieonidtc of the Amazons, and exactly 

 resemble thein in their habits." ij 



I at present only include seventeen species of Ettptma as found m the Malay Peninsula, 

 though it is probable that more remain to be discovered, particularly in the Northern and 

 Eastern districts. || These species (in whatever way we may define that term) are also of 

 very unequal value. What appears to be three distinct and constant local forms of one species 

 frequently occur, of which we have three instances in this fauna. Thus E. maiaijka and 

 E. midatnus have distinct and constant representatives both in Java and Borneo (of the last named, 

 the Borne an representative is reported as having teen received from Malacca), and E. diocktiamts 

 possesses distinct and representative forms both in North India and Borneo. 



A. Males neither provided u itk a psendo xccnUtjland or brand to anterior icuujz, nor with pale dwmdal 

 patch ttt posterior trina*. 

 a. Mate* with th<* tuner mai ffin of the anterior loingB much produced and convex. 



1. Euplcea malayica. (Tab* II., fig. 7*) 



Crmtiti mahyica, IJutler, Journ. Linn; fcSoc, vol. xiv., p. 297, 3 il878|. 



Kuftiiftt nehwiifiniiitrj, vur. ibi, Uutl.. Proc. ZnnL Sue, lS4!() r p. 271. 



Euphea ochmrftrimfn, Hiitl., Trans. Linn. Sot;., aer. 2, ZooL, vol. i. t p. 535, u. 2 (18771. 



Adbfoma ma fay tea, Moore, MS. 



Malt-, Wings aliove dark shining hiwu. spatted with while. Anterior wings with the following white 

 spots : — one before and one after second subcostal nervule ; one in cell a little before lower disco-cellular 

 nervule ; a waved diseal series of six spots placed between the nervules, the upper three of which are largest, 

 and the upper one placed above first disco-cellular nervule* the lawt and most linear one being below third 

 median nervule ; a submarginal series of eight spots, the upper and innermost one of the series being situate 

 between third and fourth subcostal nervules, the lower one placed between third median nervule ; and 

 a marginal series of smaller spots. Posterior wings with a marginal and submarginal series of small white 

 spots. Wings beneath marked as above, but posterior wings possessing in addition seven small white diseal 



* Journ. Linn. Soe., Zool., vol. xiv., p. 292. f Tmus. Linn. Soc, vol. xxiii, 186ii, p. 4M oi try. 



\ Proc. Ent. Soc, 1866, p. xlv., and * Naturalist in Nicaragua." p. 316. § 'XuologiKt,* p. 43110 



I BttttBf (.Journ. Unn. Hoc, Zooh, vol. xiv., p. 295, 41) gives another species, E. tegypttix, us having been received 



from Singapore. That Singapore specimen, however, no longt-r retuiuoh in the National Collection unilvr that luuue, and 



wna probably bo recorded in err<r. 



