RIIOPALQCEBA MALAY AN A. 



Subfam. DANADi^. 



Damthur, Bates, Jonrn. Ent., ii., p. 170 (1864), 

 EupkeituB, Moore, LepitL Ceylon, vol. i. t p. 1 (1881). 



Lower diaco-celliilar nervule of the hind wing perfect, Larv© smooth, with fleshy processes. 

 Fore- wing submedian nervure of the imago double at its origin. 



Fii -t fro. 5, 



Fio. 4. AnMwr wing i>t Eixphcn plurbmi—u. rostij rKrivnru ; b, htiUii-jf.!ji] iifmire; hi, b2„ b'-i, hi, b b, ijUliC^nl nwilltss ; 

 <•], cfc, disuuiiUl nurvules; A, nit'diaii inrvTire; rfy, (13, nu-iban urrvuli;*; Mibm-ilion m-mire; fl t /2, ilisio-cdlulav nei-vnk*i 



Ji, dohI* or itnli'rior margin; t, pnMtcriur or oiU«jl i -piuj j. iiuki iimrgin ; fc. itptx or unlt-rior an^fe; f, posterior or unnl iinglo ; 



diacmdiil cell. 



Flu. 5. Posterior w j h y (uinl<r "f Ittmai* i?ptrittrlnnis:—it, l t h 1, ir2, rf t 1, do, ^ <rl, u S j n tig. 4; $, internal norvnrej 

 m t preeo.itnl nervurt-; n, nklniniiml i«r inu.-v margin; o t ili-r.niliil qAL 



This subfamily is divided into two groups the tirst of which only is found in, bnt not 

 restricted to, the Oriental region, the other being peculiar to Tropical America* 



This division of the Ihmninw into two groups, i-unvsponds to the proposals originally 

 made and admirably argued by Fritz Mill lor,* to some of whose conclusions wc shall 

 subsequently refer. 



If we compare these two groups of Lkinaiw\\ or more roughly the Ihttmiiur of the Old and 

 New Worlds, we are at once struck with the fact that in each case there is a transition between 

 more or less diaphanous winged butterflies, such as lfesti<t and fdevpnis (Oriental) and hlwmia 

 part (Tropical American), on the one hand, and opaque or closely-scaled winged butterflies, oil 

 the other. Midler,! in discussing the progenitors of these groups, is inclined to the belief 

 that the darker insects indicate the original marking and colouring ; for he holds that if such 

 progenitors had possessed wings with large transparent spaces, it is improbable that such a 

 large number of the existing species should have reverted to a still earlier type of wing 

 completely clothed with scales. This view is even more strongly evidenced in the Old World 

 Danaina. 



Group DAXAIXA. 

 Dauainu, Godia. & BaW M Biol. Centr. Am., RhopaL, p. I (1879). 



Mule with a pair of anal pencils of hair ; basal joints of palpi short ; distal end of tarsus and tarsal 

 joints of front leg of female flattened, so as to give a club-shaped termination to the leg ; tibia of male 

 as long as the femur; tarsus (hi some form) always present. 



* 'Koranon,' 1879, p. 100; and trail elation by Meldola, ' Proc. Ent. Hoc./ 1879, p. xx. + Ibid. 



