90 



li HOPALOCERA MA LAY A XA , 



has an apparently common origin with the second ; second ami third nervules widely Kcparated. Posterior 

 wings subovate, the costal margin obliquely convex ; outer margin very couvex, waved, and produced into 

 a short cautlate appendage at anal angle. Abdominal margins convex and overlapping at base, and then 

 distinctly concave and slightly divergent to anal angles. Costal nervure arched and exttmding to apex; 

 discoidal nervule emitted it little heyond the bifurcation of the subcostal m-rvules; diseoidal cell with the 

 apex entirely open; median nervules arranged much as in anterior wings. Body short; palpi long, 

 porruct, and pointed ; antenna; slender, gradually thickened towards apex. 



This genus is .of very considerable ex tout, and it is iu Africa— tropical and subtropical — 

 that its greatest number of species are found ; in fact, if we include Madagascar, at least three- 

 fourths of the present known species inhabit the Htiiiopian region.' 1'nris is also found in 

 Continental India, Ceylou, and onwards, aud sparingly — as regards its number of species — 

 through the Malay Peninsula and Malayan Archipelago, and is represented in Australia. 

 At this time about forty species have been described. 



1. Precis iphita. (Tab. XL, ftg, 9 a ; & tar. Tab. IX,, tig, 5 *.) 



Fapitio Iphita, Cramer, Pap. Ex. iii. t. 209, C, D (1788) ; Fubr. «p. Ins. p. 86, n. 879 (1781) ■ Manfc. Ins. p. -16, 



n. 157 (17B7); Ent. Syst. iii. p. lu<). n. 8H7 [17SI3i. 

 Vam^a Iphiia, (hu\U F.nts, Ml-lIi. is. p. 314, it. M 1 1*1!)), 



Prem Jphiui, Uoisf. A Moore, Cat Lep. Mus. E. I. 0. i. p. 148, n. 200 (1H57); Snellen, Tijd. Ent. vol. six. 

 p. 150, n. 31 (1H76); Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1878, p. 828 ; ibid. 1882, p. 289 ; Lep. Ceyl. i. p. 89, 

 pi, 21, f. 1, «, t (1881). 



Junouh ipiutu. lUitl. Cut. Fabr. Lep. p. 76, u. 17 (I860); Trans. Linn. Soc. gift, 2. ZooL vol. i. p. 545, n. 1 



(18771 : (ioclm. A Sulv. Pmc Zool. Hoc. 187!) t p. 157, n. 17 : ibul. WH, p. d40. 

 I'nris Inttrtaniui. Feb I. Heist! Nov. Lep. iii. p. K^, n. (Hal i 1H<!(>>. 

 /'rr'fj'.s /-/a, vjir. in tenth ilia, Stjull. Tijdaclir. Ent. vol. xsi. p. I I, u. 0*2 ilSTHj, 



Male and female. Wings above fuliginous-brown, variable in intensity of hue. Anterior wings with 

 two transverse fasciai crossing cell, the margins of which arc very irregular and dark fuscous, the first 

 situal.' about centre and the second near ape* ; the apical half of wing is somewhat paler, and inwardly 

 bounded by a dark fascia commencing near eosta and outwardly and obliquely directed to first median 

 nervule, from thence retiexed inwardly and terminating near centre of inner margin ; between this and 

 outer margin is a somewhat similar fascia, followed by two very dark submarginal lines, the outer one 

 more prominently waved ; marginal fringe and a small subapical spot whitish. Posterior wings with the 

 apii.ul hall paler ami with tin- fasirhc <ai the ^interior wings continued, the first terminating near abdominal 

 margin about one-third from anal angle, the second broader and more outwardly curved than on anterior 

 wings, and possessing on. its outer edge four or live obscure ocellated spots placed between the nervules; 

 submarginal lines as on anterior wings, but the inner one more waved. Wings beneath paler ; both wings 

 crossed by two somewhat broad, dark, basal faseirc, the iirst crossing eeutrc of cell of anterior wings, curved 

 inwardly on cell of posterior wings ami indistinctly terminating near base of abdominal margin; the 

 second crossing anterior wings at apex of cell, and terminating on posterior wings a little beyond end of 

 cell; a similar fascia commencing near costa of anterior wings, and more or less amalgamating at median 

 nervules, with an oblique fascia crossing both wings, inwardly margined with a dark line commencing 

 near apical angle of anterior wings where it is broadest, and terminating near anal angle of posterior 



* The Oriental affinities in the African fauna, or the zoological relational |) hetwocn dm Uriental and Klhtopirm 

 reginuH, have received notice by many naturalists. Thus Dr. Ntnhczku has pointed this ont in ihe Malayan ornithology, and 

 Mr. Wallace bus described the same thing in the Mammalia aud lards of A\ '* Atric-a, — iIil'sh jiossewdnn "a special Oriental or 

 even Malayan element," — and hus alftu drawn attention to the Oriental element iu the Ethiopian reptiles and amphibia. 

 Mr. IHauford has treated of the "African t haunt in the fauna ol India/' particularly as regards the Mammalia, and the late 

 Mr. lilyLli has Blmwn the ancient date of tin- ivljiu.^iup Ironi the rvideiift- allbrded liy the Siwulik deposits. Mr, Murray 

 mdiiH-d to the opinion thai the i adn-Malayaii region should he included with that H Africa* smith of the Sahara. Tin writ* r 

 has also shown the " Oriental aihnilies in {he Ethiopian lnnect- Fauna " <' Nature,' vol. xvih p. 282). 



