BHOPALOCERA MALAYAN A. 



93 



wings whcro it is narrowest; on the outer margin of this fascia in both wings are a series of more 

 or less obscure ocellated spots placed between the nervuks ; two Ktifonuirgiiml linus :ls on Lippi-r surface, 

 but inner one much waved and siimutcd. On Rome specimens there are two distinct whitish spots on 

 the underside of posterior wings, sepumU'd by the lirst subcostal uervule, the upper of which is largest. 

 (These are absent in the specimens here figured, though found in some Malay varieties.) Body and legs 

 more or less concoloroua with wings. 



Exp. wind's, i ? , GO to 70 millim. 



Ha*.— Continental India ; Nepaul ; Khasia Hills ; Bilhet ; Cashmere ; Neilgherries ; Bombay (colls. 

 Moore and Brit. MusJ — Ceylon (colls. Moore mid Brit. Mus.) — Upper Tenasserim ; Moolai (Moore). — Malay 

 Peninsula; Penang; Province Wellesley (colLs. Dist. k Saiier) ; Malacca (Pimvill, Brit. M us J— Java (coll. 

 Moore); Batavia (Snellen) ; Bantam (coll. Dist.) — Borneo.* — Celebes (Snellen). — New Guinea (Godm. and 

 Salv.)— New Britain (Godm. & Saiv.) 



This is a variable species, both in size and line, the specimen (Tab. XL, f. 0) heiug 

 a metallic form, whilst that represented by fig. 5 on Tab. IX. is the pale variety described by 

 Felder as a distinct species under the name of ft intermedia. The larva and pupa are figured 

 in Moore's Lep. Ceyi.f from drawings made by the BroB. de Ahvis, and they are thus described 

 in that work : J — "Larva cylindrical, dark brown, with dorsal and lateral rows of short delicate 

 branched spines. Pupa short, with tubercular points on dorsal segments; thorax broad/' 



Some observations on the habits of this insect have been recorded. In the N.W. Himalaya 

 Mr, Hocking states that it " always pitches on the ground." § As witnessed in Celebes, that 

 inimitable lepidopteral observer Piepers has given some interesting facts. It appears to be 

 pugnacious. Piepers thus describes his observation : — " Around and over the blossoms of a 

 flowering shrub flew several butterflies (i'wds ipltita and some Pieridtr), when a butterfly of 

 gigantic size, in comparison with them (Pufulio iamus, Cram.), came living, apparently with 

 the object of sharing their repast. Whether tin? others were desirous of the company of a 

 guest among them whose appetite would be enormous, or not, it is certain that I saw them 

 attack the JR. liemus, drive it away, and pursue it for a short distance, till it was evident that it 

 had really taken to flight, when they returned to their flowers." || 



The same author adds an observation bearing on the coustaucy of habits or memory in 

 this species.1T He one evening observed a specimen of this butterfly sitting cmietly on the 

 ceiling of the open verandah of the Harmonic Society, at Manghasar, which remained the 

 whole evening, despite the strong illumination of the place. For six consecutive evenings he 

 found this insect return faithfully to the same sleeping-place, though absent during the day." 



* Cat. Diuru. Lep., formed by Hewiuou, p. 7*2« 



t PL 21. f. 1 b. J Vol. i. p. 40. j l'roc. Zool. Soc, 188*2, p. 230. 



H Tijd. Ent. six., pp. sviii to iiiv, and Eng. transl. by Kirby, 'Eutomobn,'i*t,' x. p. 2011. — In X. America Mr. W. H. 

 Edwards relates hem'Lji^ ilii in I reduced i'tipilio mtwhaun pursued li v /'. niaj\ "us it it iv;ranh-d a*, an jtttrudi'i-" {Can ad. 

 Entouiol. vol. xiv. p. 23 (1882). 



I Ibid. p. 270. 



■•■ h is probable that ninny butterflies tin- i slant and n-^ular it. sjmtw for the night's repose. Lihj» since 



Mr. P. H. Goeso < Aim. ft Wag. Nat. HiFt.. ser. 2, vol. ii. T pp. 17ii— 7B as4Mf j gavfl an exceedingly ffiaphic account of the habit* 

 of Heliconiu* charitJuyHtu as observed in Jamaica. Buiterflu of (bis species assembled in a little swarm just before bunuet, 

 ami settled closely packed together on Rome leafless stems of a creeping plant, and Mr. Gosse was assured by an ** observant 

 young friend" that they assembled iu thie mHiiuer every evening. 



Mr. A. ^Y T ]!( iniutt (Froc.'Brit. Aiws., York, 1881J, In a paper "On the Constancy of Inflects in visiting flower*," stated 

 that be Lad observed three flights of the "painted lady" butterfly {Pyratncit eardui), and that it settled six, three, and tnn 

 limes respectively, always confining itself to the same species of flower. The result of his observations on tbe common 

 English butterflies was thai K cardul and the "small lorloise-idieU " (Vantsxa urttc«-\ were very c<ii»fift< oiit in their floral 

 tftttefc Mr. IW. lt, however {' Nature/ vol. xxiv., p. GOSJ), observed a specimen af the hist-nnmed butterfly which exhibited 

 no constancy in this respect. 



