liilur ILOCiatA MALA VAX I. 



2. Precis ida. (Tab. XL, fig. 10 y .) 



PapMo Mr, Cramer, Pap. Ex. i. t. 42, C. D f 177G) ; ib. iv. t. 874. C, D (1782). 

 Apatura Tratjia, HiibD. Vera. bek. Scbniott. p, 85, n. 295 (1810). 



Vanessa hhtmen,*, Godt. EliC, Jlctll. ix, p, 315, ii. -41 (1819), 



JVww Ma, Horsf. A Moore, Cut. Lop, Mua. E. L C. i. p. 142, n. 280 (1857). 



Junonia ida, Druce, Proc. Zool. Snc. 1878, p. 842, n, S; Godm. & Salv. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1678, p. OttO, u.17 (1878). 



Mil]. female. Closely allied to the preceding species, but paler ami more rufous both above ami 

 beneath ; wings above marked as in P. iphita, but anterior wings having a more or leas well developed 

 and distinct series of ocellated spots, placed between the nervules and occupying the centre of the pale 

 apical portion. Posterior wings with a very distinct and well developed series of oceilated spots placed 

 between the nervules, and continuous with those of anterior wings. Wings beneath as in P. iphita, but 

 paler and more rufoua. 



Exp. wings, <? and ? , 60 to 70 millim. 



Hab.— Malay Peninsula ; Peuaug (Brit. Mus.) ; Province Wellesley (coll. Dist.) — Billiton (Godm. and 

 tialv.) — Java (coll. Moore). — liorneo (colls. Moore, Godm. & Salv., and Dist.) — Celebes (coll, Dist.) 



Ho rr Snellen * is of opinion that this insect and P* iphita may he but seasonal forms of the 

 same species. As, however, P. ida does not appear to be recorded from Continental India, 

 win/ re f f . iphita is a not uncommon species, there seems reason to doubt what would otherwise 

 seem to be a probable supposition. Although paler in coloration than P. i phi la, a Celebesian 

 specimen in my own collection is melanic and approaches somewhat to that species in hue ; 

 the series of oceliated spots on the upper surface of the anterior wings, however, prevents 

 confusion. 



Genus JUNONIA. 



Jwntmia, Hiibner, Verz. bek, Schmott. pp. 84, 8fi (1816) ; Feld, fteues. Lep. p. 18 (1861) ; Mooro, Lep. Coyl. 



i. p. 40 (1881); Godm. & Salv. Biol. Ceutr. Am. ltkop. p. 219 (1882). 

 Junonia, sect. 1 ( Doubl. Gen. Diurn. Lep. pp. 200, 208 (1849). 

 Atcymm, Hiibn. Verz. bek. Schmctt. p. tt5 1 1 H 1 G u 



This genus is very cloaoly allied to the preceding, the general shape and venation of the wings being 

 similar and almost identical. It principally diflvrs in having tin- lower disco-cellular nervule of the anterior 

 wings completely obsolete, thus leaving the apes of the cell entirely open. The club of the antenna is also 

 more abruptly and prominently inerassated. 



This genus is of considerable extent and of wide distribution. It is found in the warmer 

 parts of America, the tropical and subtropical portions of Africa (including Madagascar), Asia, 

 eastwards from Continental India, throughout the Malayan Archipelago, and onwards amongst 

 the islands of the Pacific ; it is also represented in Australia. Probably a little over twenty 

 species are known, and though more have been described they are now generally considered 

 as of a varietal character only. 



Jttaottia, unlike Iphita, is most strongly represented in the Oriental region, only about 

 a third of its species being Ethiopian, whilst its representatives in America are reduced 

 to three by Mr. Kirby, | and again considered as but two by Messrs. Godwin and Salvin. * 



* Tyd. Eat, xht. p. IfiO (1876). + Cat. Diurn, Lop. pp. 187-8 (1871). 



t Biol. Contr. Am. Rbop. p 219 (1882). 



