Genus CUPHA. 



Cupha, Billberg, Enum. Ins. p. 79 (1820k Scudd. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts & Sci, vol. x. p. 149 (1875); 



Moore, Lep. Ceyl, i. p. U (1881). 

 Mestaras, Doub, Gen. Dium. Lop. p. ICS (1848). 



Wings rather short and broad. Anterior wingB subtriangular, the costal margin very strongly arched 

 and moderately convex, apex obtusely rounded, outer margin waved and obliquely rounded, inner margin 

 somewhat concavely sinuated. Costal nervure extending to about centre of costal margin ; first and second 

 subcostal nervules short, the first emitted just before end of cell, the second about midway between bases 

 of first and third, fourth and fifth bifurcating about midway between base of third and apes; the fourth 

 somewhat bent near base- Lower disco-cellular nervule very slender and concavely oblique, Discoidal 

 nervules emitted at about one-third from base of wing. First and second median nervules with an 

 apparently common origin at end of the cell. Posterior wings broadly ovate ; costal margin obliquely 

 convex ; outer margin rounded and waved ; abdominal margin oblique to apex of internal nervure, and 

 obliquely and somewhat concavely divergent to anal angle. Lower disco -cellular nervule obsolete, leaving 

 the cell open. Body somewhat slender. Palpi raised above the upper level of the eyes, robust, thickly 

 and finely pilose, the apical joint slender and somewhat pointed. Antenna with a long and very gradually 

 formed club. 



This genus extends from Continental India throughout the Malay Peninsula, the Malayan 

 Archipelago, and Papua, is found in Ceylon and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and as far 

 north as China, Cwpha is a genua of moderate specific capacity, about ten species being 

 at present known to science* 



L Cupha erymanthis. (Tab. VEX, fig. 4 J.) 



Ptipitio Knjmmuhi^ Drury, 111. Ex. Eat. i. t. 15. L 8, 4 (1778); Cram. Pap. Ex. in. t. 288, F,G (1782). 

 Antynnh Ertjm<tnthi>* t fiodt. Fine. Metli. is. p. 257, n. 4 (1819k 

 Papilio frtir, Sulz. (hoc. Cram.), Gesch. Ins. t. 16, L 6 (1776). 



Memaras crymantftw, Druce, Proo. Zool. Soc. 1873, p. 842, n. 1 ; ibid, 1874, p. 10, n. I ; Butl. Trans. Linn. 

 Soc. ser. 2, Zuol. vol. i. p. 544, n, 1 {1877) ; Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1878, p. 827 ; Snoll. Tijd. Ent. 

 lix. p. 150, n, 30 (167C). 



Male and Female, Wings above brownish ochraceous, with two irregular dark spots in cell, and two 

 narrow waved dark linoB at end of same ; a broad and much waved and smuated stramineous fascia a little 

 beyond cell, which is inwardly margined with blackish, and beyond which the colour is wholly blackish 

 containing a stramineous spot between the discoidal nervules, and a lineate spot between the second and 

 third median iuvvuU^: in the klK EYisri:i. are two dark brownish spots separated by the second median 

 nervule, and a larger quadrate spot beneath the third median nervule. Posterior wings with a narrow, black, 

 strongly, and irregularly waved line crossing wing near apes of cell ; this is followed by a straighter and 

 broken linear fascia, outwardly margined with ochraceous, again succeeded by an outer discal row of spots 

 placed between the nervules, two submarginal waved and broken fascia* and a marginal fascia, all blackish. 

 Abdominal margin gi^ish brown. Wings beneath as above, but pale ochraceous ; anterior wings with the 

 pale fascia much broader and beneath the uret median nervule, widening to outer margin, where it 

 contains a waved linear fascia before the dark spots ; the apical area brownish, containing three pah' 

 spots beyond the pale fascia, and separated by the discoidal nervules, and two subnmrginal narrow 

 waved dark linear fascia;, which are broken, maculate, and elongate near apex ; posterior wings with 

 a distinct lunulate pale violaceous fascia before the black spots, which are more or less surrounded 



